Ginsenoside Rb1 reduces fatty liver by activating AMP-activated protein kinase in obese rats

Shen, Lei; Xiong, Ye; Wang, David Q.–H.; Howles, Philip N.; Basford, Joshua E.; Wang, Jiang; Xiong, Yu; Hui, David Y.; Woods, Stephen C.; Liu, Min

doi:10.1194/jlr.m035907

Cited by 114 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…GRb1 exerts a protective effect in various conditions. 3,43,44) GRb1 also showed an anti-fatigue effect on which may be associated with the improvement of energy metabolism and the suppression of skeletal muscle oxidative stress in previous study. 4) In the present study, GRb1 decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) and NMDA receptor, improved the behavioral manifestations on the postoperative days 1 and 3, indicating it could minimize the effects of central fatigue and protect the hippocampal neurons from neural injury for the POFS rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) Accumulating evidence indicates that ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), one of the ginsenosides, provides diverse benefits against inflammation, fatigue and oxidation. [2][3][4] Postoperative fatigue syndrome (POFS) is a series of clinical symptoms which decelerates recovery after major abdominal or cardiac surgery. [5][6][7] POFS can be divided into peripheral fatigue and central fatigue, the former manifests itself as the decline of skeletal muscle motor function; the latter mainly shows up as the changes of spirit and mood state.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prevention of Postoperative Fatigue Syndrome in Rat Model by Ginsenoside Rb1 <i>via</i> Down-Regulation of Inflammation along the NMDA Receptor Pathway in the Hippocampus

Chen

Liu

Chen

et al. 2015

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Postoperative fatigue syndrome (POFS) is a common complication which decelerates recovery after surgery. The present study investigated the anti-fatigue effect of ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) through the inflammatory cytokine-mediated N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor pathway. A POFS rat model was created by major small intestinal resection and assessed with an open field test. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, high performance liquid chromatography and a transmission electron microscopic analysis were used to determine typical biochemical parameters in the hippocampus. Our results showed that POFS rats exhibited fatigue associated with an increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and NMDA receptor 1, higher (kynurenine)/(tryptophan) and (kynurenine)/(kynurenic acid) on postoperative days 1 and 3, and an increased expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) on postoperative day 1. Degenerated neurons were found in the hippocampus of POFS rats. The NMDA receptor antagonist MK801 had a significant effect on central fatigue on postoperative day 1. GRb1 had no effect on IDO or tryptophan metabolism, but exhibited a significant effect on POFS by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines and NMDA receptor 1. These data suggested that inflammatory cytokines could activate tryptophan metabolism to cause POFS through the NMDA receptor pathway. GRb1 had an anti-fatigue effect on POFS by reducing inflammatory cytokines and NMDA receptors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Postoperative Fatigue Syndrome in Rat Model by Ginsenoside Rb1 <i>via</i> Down-Regulation of Inflammation along the NMDA Receptor Pathway in the Hippocampus

Chen

Liu

Chen

et al. 2015

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Total proteins were extracted from tissues of apoE-/-mice and HUVECs using the method described previously [30]. Equal amounts of protein (40-80 μg) were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE and then electrotransferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (PVDF, Millipore, Temecula, CA).…”

Section: Western Blot Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Salidroside improves endothelial function and alleviates atherosclerosis by activating a mitochondria-related AMPK/PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway

Xing

Yang

Zheng

et al. 2015

Vascular Pharmacology

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“…Shen et al [41] demonstrated that Rb1 reduced fatty liver in obese rats, and this effect was primarily due to increased fatty acid oxidation via activation of the AMPK signaling pathway.…”

Section: Pharmacological Activities Of Ginseng As An Ampk Activatormentioning

confidence: 99%

AMP-activated protein kinase: An emerging target for ginseng

Jeong

Kim

Chung

2014

Journal of Ginseng Research

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The adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key sensor of cellular energy. Once activated, it switches on catabolic pathways generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP), while switching off biosynthetic pathways consuming ATP. Pharmacological activation of AMPK by metformin holds a therapeutic potential to reverse metabolic abnormalities such as type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In addition, altered metabolism of tumor cells is widely recognized and AMPK is a potential target for cancer prevention and/or treatment. Panax ginseng is known to be useful for treatment and/or prevention of cancer and metabolic diseases including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. In this review, we discuss the ginseng extracts and ginsenosides that activate AMPK, we clarify the various mechanisms by which they achieve this, and we discuss the evidence that shows that ginseng or ginsenosides might be useful in the treatment and/or prevention of metabolic diseases and cancer.

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Ginsenoside Rb1 reduces fatty liver by activating AMP-activated protein kinase in obese rats

Cited by 114 publications

References 32 publications

Prevention of Postoperative Fatigue Syndrome in Rat Model by Ginsenoside Rb1 <i>via</i> Down-Regulation of Inflammation along the NMDA Receptor Pathway in the Hippocampus

Prevention of Postoperative Fatigue Syndrome in Rat Model by Ginsenoside Rb1 <i>via</i> Down-Regulation of Inflammation along the NMDA Receptor Pathway in the Hippocampus

Salidroside improves endothelial function and alleviates atherosclerosis by activating a mitochondria-related AMPK/PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway

AMP-activated protein kinase: An emerging target for ginseng

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