Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates reproductive function injury in C57BL/6J mice induced by di‐N‐butyl‐phthalate

Abstract

With the aggravation of environmental pollution, the incidence of infertility is increasing. Ginsenoside Rg1 is a monomer component extracted from Panax ginseng. It has been found that Ginsenoside Rg1 is able to prevent premature ovarian failure and delay testicular senescence. Therefore, we speculate Ginsenoside Rg1 may have great potential to prevent and treat infertility. The aim of this work is to explore whether Ginsenoside Rg1 plays a protective role in the dinbutyl phthalate (DBP)‐induced reproductive function injury mice, and to elucidate the potential mechanism. C57BL/6J male mice were administered by DBP with or without Ginsenoside Rg1 treatment and serum, testis and epididymis were collected for further analysis. Sperm analysis, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and serum hormone detection indicated that Ginsenoside Rg1 treatment improved the sperm density and sperm motility, reduced the testicular tissue damage, increased the serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels, and decreased the serum follicle‐stimulating hormone level in DBP‐induced mice. Furthermore, Ginsenoside Rg1 treatment upregulated expression levels of spermatogenesis‐related protein, Cx43, E‐cadherin, p‐PI3K, p‐Akt, and mTOR in the mice treated by DBP, observed by using a immunohistochemistry assay, a real‐time quantitative PCR assay, and a western blot analysis. The present study reveals that Ginsenoside Rg1 may exert anti‐DBP‐induced reproductive function injury in C57BL/6J mice. In addition, the protect role of Ginsenoside Rg1 in spermatogenesis may be associated with the regulation of reproductive hormones, upregulation of spermatogenic associated proteins expression, restoration of the gap junctions, and the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways.

Nephroprotective effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 in lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis in mice through the SIRT1/NF-κB signaling

“…Emerging reports have validated the efficacy of Chinese medicine herbs in S-AKI, such as honokiol [31], resveratrol [32], and shionone [33]. Rg1 is the main active component of Panax ginseng and has many pharmacological properties [34]. In recent years, the protection afforded by Rg1 has been confirmed in sepsis [35] and sepsis-related diseases, including septic acute lung injury [36], septic cardiac dysfunction [37], and septic encephalopathy [38].…”

Modulatory Effects of Ginsenoside Saponins in Panax notoginseng on Steroid Hormones

“…Ginsenosid Rg1 đã cải thiện số lượng và khả năng di chuyển của tinh trùng, giảm tổn thương mô tinh hoàn, tăng nồng độ testosterone và hormone tạo hoàng thể trong huyết thanh, đồng thời giảm nồng độ hormone kích thích nang trứng trong huyết thanh ở chuột nhắt bị tổn thương chức năng sinh sản gây ra bởi dinbutyl phthalat. Cơ chế là do ginsenosid Rg1 điều hoà biểu hiện mức protein liên quan đến quá trình sinh tinh, Cx43, E-cadherin, p-PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3kinase), p-Akt và mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) ở chuột được quan sát bằng cách sử dụng xét nghiệm hóa mô miễn dịch, xét nghiệm PCR (polymerase chain reaction) định lượng thời gian thực và phân tích Western blot [76]. Ngoài ra, tác dụng cải thiện mào tinh hoàn, tinh hoàn, số lượng và khả năng di chuyển của tinh trùng và nồng độ testosteron huyết thanh của ginsenosid Rg1 cũng đã được báo cáo trên đối tượng chuột cống bị vô sinh gây ra bởi ethanol [77].…”

New insights into ginsenoside Rg1 regulating the niche to inhibit age-induced germline stem cells depletion through targeting ECR/BMP signaling pathway in Drosophila

“…Furthermore, it demonstrated the potential to enhance the reproductive function of aging mice affected by D-galactose-induced impairment by up-regulating the expression of granulocyte follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and down-regulating the aging signaling pathways P53-P21-P19/stk, P16, and Bax/Bcl-2 [ 22 ]. Dai et al showed that long-term administration of ginsenoside Rg1 could improve the fertility of naturally aging mice, which might be related to the obvious antioxidant effect on the ovary [ 23 , 24 ]. The antiovarian aging activities of Rg1 have received extensive attention, but it inhibited age-induced GSCs loss has not been clarified.…”