Global and regional gray matter reductions in ADHD: A voxel-based morphometric study

Carmona, Susanna; Vilarroya, Óscar; Bielsa, Anna; Tremols, Virginia; Soliva, Joan-Carles; Rovira, Mariana; Tomàs, Josep; Raheb, Carol; Gispert, Juan Domingo; Batlle, Santiago; Bulbena, Antoni

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.07.020

Cited by 254 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

170

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus, in our case, it may be possible that the parahippocampal gyrus may contribute to the emotional salience associated with the decision making process. This is also consistent with previous studies demonstrating the involvement of this region in impulsive behaviour (Völlm et al 2007;Soloff et al 2008;Carmona et al 2005;Cilia et al 2008). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Morphometric Correlation of Impulsivity in Medial Prefrontal Cortex

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Impulsivity is a complex behaviour composed of different domains encompassing behavioural disinhibition, risky decision-making and delay discounting abnormalities. To investigate regional brain correlates between levels of individual impulsivity and grey matter volume, we performed voxel-based morphometric correlation analysis in 34 young, healthy subjects using impulsivity scores measured with Barratt Impulsivity Scale-11 and computerized Kirby's delay discounting task. The VBM analysis showed that impulsivity appears to be reliant on a network of cortical (medial prefrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and subcortical (ventral striatum) structures emphasizing the importance of brain networks associated with reward related decisionmaking in daily life as morphological biomarkers for impulsivity in a normal healthy population. While our results in healthy volunteers may not directly extend to pathological conditions, they provide an insight into the mechanisms of impulsive behaviour in patients with abnormalities in prefrontal/frontal-striatal connections, such as in drug abuse, pathological gambling, ADHD and Parkinson's disease.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Morphometric Correlation of Impulsivity in Medial Prefrontal Cortex

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We could not detect any effect of medication use or evidence that age, sex or IQ had a significant impact on our findings. Findings in the precentral gyrus, which is linked to motor control, and the prefrontal cortex, which is the target of ADHD medication, 24 are in line with and extend the findings of previous VBM studies, 25,26 cortical thickness studies 27 and region of interest studies 3 on structural differences in the precentral gyrus and prefrontal cortex in individuals with ADHD. An important role of abnormalities of the prefrontal cortex and its connections in ADHD is indicated.…”

Section: J Psychiatry Neurosci 2016;41(4)supporting

confidence: 84%

An integrated molecular landscape implicates the regulation of dendritic spine formation through insulin-related signalling in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Vondervoort

Poelmans

Aschrafi

et al. 2016

jpn

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by developmentally inappropriate impulsive, hyperactive and/or inattentive symptoms. 1 Previous MRI studies have reported smaller total brain volumes in participants with ADHD than in controls. 2,3 Metaanalyses of regions of interest (ROI) studies have shown significantly smaller volume in total and right cerebral volume, frontal brain areas, the right caudate and cerebellar regions in participants with ADHD than in controls. 3 Volumetric ROI studies, however, are restricted to a small number of a priori selected regions, which could give rise to selection bias.A method that circumvents this potential bias and allows a whole brain, hypothesis-free analysis is voxel-based morphometry (VBM), 4 an MRI analysis technique that assesses differences between groups in voxelwise grey matter volume. Three meta-analyses of VBM studies reporting on partly the same samples have investigated the most prominent volumetric differences between participants with ADHD and controls. [5][6][7] The first meta-analysis (114 children with ADHD and 143 controls) reported smaller grey matter volume in the right putamen and globus pallidus in children with ADHD than in controls. 5 A more recent meta-analysis (202 children and adolescents and 176 adults with ADHD and 344 controls) confirmed the reduced localized subcortical grey matter findings Background: Data on structural brain alterations in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been inconsistent. Both ADHD and brain volumes have a strong genetic loading, but whether brain alterations in patients with ADHD are familial has been underexplored. We aimed to detect structural brain alterations in adolescents and young adults with ADHD compared with healthy controls. We examined whether these alterations were also found in their unaffected siblings, using a uniquely large sample. Methods: We performed voxelbased morphometry analyses on MRI scans of patients with ADHD, their unaffected siblings and typically developing controls. We identified brain areas that differed between participants with ADHD and controls and investigated whether these areas were different in unaffected siblings. Influences of medication use, age, sex and IQ were considered. Results: Our sample included 307 patients with ADHD, 169 unaffected siblings and 196 typically developing controls (mean age 17.2 [range 8-30] yr). Compared with controls, participants with ADHD had significantly smaller grey matter volume in 5 clusters located in the precentral gyrus, medial and orbitofrontal cortex, and (para)cingulate cortices. Unaffected siblings showed intermediate volumes significantly different from controls in 4 of these clusters (all except the precentral gyrus). Medication use, age, sex and IQ did not have an undue influence on the results. Limitations: Our sample was heterogeneous, most participants with ADHD were taking medication, and the comparison was cross-sectional. Conclusion...

show abstract

“…Structural and functional changes in this area are always associated with psychiatric diseases, such as ADHD. In a voxel-based morphometric study, the temporal lobe and cerebellum were found to have a lower grey matter volume in ADHD children than in control participants [58] . Structural studies show a correlation between specific phenotypes and alterations in brain structure, especially in frontal-striatal-cere- bellar circuits [59] .…”

Section: Superior and Middle Temporal Gyrimentioning

confidence: 91%

Effects of methylphenidate on resting-state brain activity in normal adults: an fMRI study

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Methylphenidate (MPH) is one of the most commonly used stimulants for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although several studies have evaluated the effects of MPH on human brain activation during specific cognitive tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), few studies have focused on spontaneous brain activity. In the current study, we investigated the effect of MPH on the intra-regional synchronization of spontaneous brain activity during the resting state in 18 normal adult males. A handedness questionnaire and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale were applied before medication, and a resting-state fMRI scan was obtained 1 h after medication (20 mg MPH or placebo, order counterbalanced between participants). We demonstrated that: (1) there were no significant differences in the performance of behavioral tasks between the MPH and placebo groups; (2) the left middle and superior temporal gyri had stronger MPHrelated regional homogeneity (ReHo); and (3) the left lingual gyrus had weaker MPH-related ReHo. Our findings showed that the ReHo in some brain areas changes with MPH compared to placebo in normal adults, even though there are no behavioral differences. This method can be applied to patients with mental illness who may be treated with MPH, and be used to compare the difference between patients taking MPH and normal participants, to help reveal the mechanism of how MPH works.

show abstract

Global and regional gray matter reductions in ADHD: A voxel-based morphometric study

Cited by 254 publications

References 42 publications

Morphometric Correlation of Impulsivity in Medial Prefrontal Cortex

Morphometric Correlation of Impulsivity in Medial Prefrontal Cortex

An integrated molecular landscape implicates the regulation of dendritic spine formation through insulin-related signalling in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Effects of methylphenidate on resting-state brain activity in normal adults: an fMRI study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About