Global Climate Resources for Camping and Nature-Based Tourism

Abstract

Climate change is impacting the distribution of climate resources upon which nature-based tourism and recreation depends. Accordingly, we examine the global distribution of climate resources from 1948 to 2016 using the Camping Climate Index (CCI), a composite index previously validated for camping and national parks visitation for 80% of the world’s major climate types found in the United States. Calculating the CCI globally, spatial and temporal analysis indicates that climate suitability differs greatly for nature-based tourism and that changes have occurred over the last 50 years in many destinations. Locations with higher latitudes and altitudes have primarily experienced shifts towards more favorable climate conditions. Conditions have worsened in tropical and subtropical regions such as central Africa, central Australia, and Southern Asia. Results demonstrate that the redistribution of global climate resources for nature-based tourism and recreation is primarily driven by warming temperatures and the increased frequency of extreme weather events in some regions. Study findings are of particular interest to destination managers and planners of outdoor locations susceptible to weather and climate change.

Impacts of Weather Variability on the International Tourism Receipts—Evidence from Ethiopia (1995–2019)

“…This is in line with Elsayed [124]. Warmer temperatures can have positive impacts on tourist destinations located at higher altitudes, such as non-ski mountain destinations [125], but tropical destinations may fare much worse [126].…”

Structural Relationship between Ecotourism Motivation, Satisfaction, Place Attachment, and Environmentally Responsible Behavior Intention in Nature-Based Camping

“…As Eagles [37] notes, tourists who opt for naturebased camps typically have similar expectations and requirements, primarily driven by their love of nature. In recent years, particularly during the pandemic, the popularity of nature-based camps has grown significantly, boosting the global economy [38]. According to prior research, nature-based camps can promote conservation and sustainability by raising awareness about the importance of protecting the natural environment [39].…”

Geospatial and Temporal Analysis of Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) as Climate Mitigation Tool in Glamping Site in Cimahi North, West Java, Indonesia

“…Camping in general, as well as glamping specifically, is among the most susceptible industries to the effects of climate change including shifting weather patterns and extreme weather events [2,13] for it significantly influence the duration and comfort of NBT and recreation seasons, destination choice, and the willingness to pay [14][15][16][17].…”

“…Climate change exerts a continuous influence on camping, wherein a destination's resources encompass various weather variables encountered by tourists during their visitation [2]. It is imperative for destination managers to understand climate change and how it affects NBT, for it will allow the discovery of both risks and opportunities that may lead to changes in tourism demand patterns such as ecological effects, societal-driven institutional effects (holiday), and future visitor flow, therefore allowing them to benefit from cost savings through energy efficiency, new commercial opportunities, and improved relations with costumers [14,[19][20][21].…”