Global Electronic Waste Management

An in-depth analysis and review of management strategies for E-waste in the south Asian region: A way forward towards waste to energy conversion and sustainability

“…Kawaries, known as one of the most efficient E-waste collectors, significantly reduce the burden on municipal organizations tasked with waste collection. E-waste is gathered in enormous quantities from government offices, IT industries, private and public sector organizations, universities, schools, and other business establishments, etc., by large scrap dealers [ 213 , 214 ].…”

Cu recovery from E-wastes

“…China, India, Japan, and Indonesia are the main producers of e-waste generation in Asia [1,5]. Figure 1 illustrates the global generation of e-waste and the forecast scenarios for the generation of e-waste from 2014 to 2030 [7]. The increasing generation of e-waste can be attributed to factors such as higher production and consumption rates, industrialization and urbanization, availability of cheaper versions, shorter product lifespan, and technological advances [5].…”

“…The increase in e-waste production can be attributed to technological advances, industrial automation, progress in information and communication technology (ICT), economic growth rates, and competition for the affordability of electrical and electronic equipment [8,9]. In addition, this generation pattern is closely linked to income levels, social status, and geographical location, as the growth rate of e-waste is also influenced by advanced materials and manufacturing technologies, rapid market penetration, and a stable economy [7].…”

“…Electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) covers a wide range of items, from essential to luxury, and is used in both households and public institutions. Generation and recycling rate of E-waste according to the continent [7].…”

“…Figure 2 shows that while Europe, Oceania, and the Americas have the highest per capita generation of e-waste, the total amount of e-waste produced there is relatively low. This discrepancy can be attributed to factors such as income levels, the availability of recycling and recovery facilities, and the cross-border movement of e-waste from industrialized to developing countries [7]. Figure 3 shows the largest e-waste producers in 2019.…”