Global emergence and evolutionary dynamics of bluetongue virus

Alkhamis, Moh A.; Aguilar-Vega, Cecilia; Fountain-Jones, Nicholas M.; Kai, Lin; Pérez, Andrés; Sánchez‐Vizcaíno, José Manuel

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78673-9

Cited by 33 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Bluetongue disease was first recognized in the 17th century when European sheep were introduced in South Africa [ 6 ]. However, recent phylodynamic models suggest that BTV has circulated among ruminant populations for more than 1000 years [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in the United States of America at the Wildlife–Livestock Interface

et al. 2021

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Bluetongue (BT) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) cases have increased worldwide, causing significant economic loss to ruminant livestock production and detrimental effects to susceptible wildlife populations. In recent decades, hemorrhagic disease cases have been reported over expanding geographic areas in the United States. Effective BT and EHD prevention and control strategies for livestock and monitoring of these diseases in wildlife populations depend on an accurate understanding of the distribution of BT and EHD viruses in domestic and wild ruminants and their vectors, the Culicoides biting midges that transmit them. However, national maps showing the distribution of BT and EHD viruses and the presence of Culicoides vectors are incomplete or not available at all. Thus, efforts to accurately describe the potential risk of these viruses on ruminant populations are obstructed by the lack of systematic and routine surveillance of their hosts and vectors. In this review, we: (1) outline animal health impacts of BT and EHD in the USA; (2) describe current knowledge of the distribution and abundance of BT and EHD and their vectors in the USA; and (3) highlight the importance of disease (BT and EHD) and vector surveillance for ruminant populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in the United States of America at the Wildlife–Livestock Interface

et al. 2021

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“…BTV serotypes recorded in Palestine are: 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8 (Table 1). Multiple serotypes were recorded in 2013 (2,4), 2015 (2, 4), and 2016 (2,4,5,8) in the same outbreak. Serotypes 2, 4, 6, and 8 are originated and distributed in Europe and Mediterranean Basin, while serotype 5 has an Eastern Asia origin, and serotype 6 has a Middle East origin [11,18,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The following BTV serotypes were recorded: 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8 (Table 1). Multiple serotypes were recorded in 2013 (2,4), 2015 (2, 4), and 2016 (2,4,5,8). The serotypes in outbreaks in the years 2011, 2012, and 2018 were not determined (Table 1).…”

Section: Annual Statistics Of Bt In Sheep and Goatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small ruminants have great socioeconomic importance of the Palestinian population as a source of food and in trade [1]. Bluetongue (BT, other names: Sore muzzle and Ovine catarrhal fever) is a World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) reportable, infectious, non-contagious disease of the ruminants [2]. The disease is a nonzoonotic insect-borne viral disease that affects ruminants mainly sheep, causing a great economic loss as a result of reducing the international trade, high morbidity, and mortality rates [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bluetongue Disease in Small Ruminants in Palestine: A retrospective Study Between the period of 2005-2019

Alzuheir¹,

Atalla

Hajji

2021

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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people worldwide, particularly the rural poor in developing countries. Bluetongue (BT) is a reportable infectious non-contagious disease of the small ruminant that has considerable socioeconomic importance in livestock in Palestine. The objective of the current study was to investigate the epidemiological analysis of BT within small ruminants in Palestine over 14 years 2005 -2019. The retrospective numbers of BT outbreaks, cases, and deaths from the World Organization for Animal Health were analyzed. The study indicated that BT is enzootic in Palestine, reported started from 2009. A total of 273 outbreaks include 1628 cases resulted in 351 deaths were reported. A total of 273 outbreaks, 1628 cases, and 351 deaths were recorded in small ruminants. The incidence rate average was 5.5%, and the average mortality rate was 1.6%. The case fatality rate ranged from 0.0-39.29 % with an average of 20.2%. No vaccination practice was applied in Palestine. Temporal analysis obtained that BT is more endemic in the low-temperature season between September and December, with a higher peak in November, displaying `overwintering` of BTV in Palestine. At least five BTV serotypes BTV (2, 4, 5, 6 and 8) were continuously present in Palestine. Multiple serotypes were recorded in the same outbreak period increase the risk for re-assortment of individual BTV gene segments. Efficient data recording, enhance owner awareness, use of the vaccine and a systematic BT monitoring program are required to control and eradicate the disease.

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“…Additionally, in México we found two closely related variants of Amate virus ( Reoviridae : Orbivirus ). The genus Orbivirus contains several important ungulate pathogens, most notably the globally emerging and economically significant agricultural pathogen bluetongue virus [ 37 , 38 ] ( Figure 4 ). Amate virus is most closely related (based on segment 1) to an unnamed virus from a black-bearded tomb bat ( Taphozous melanopogon Temminck, 1841) in China (GenBank MH144552), together forming a clade that is most closely related to the mosquito- and tick-borne orbiviruses ( Figure 3 ), some of which are zoonotic [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bat Flies of the Family Streblidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea) Host Relatives of Medically and Agriculturally Important “Bat-Associated” Viruses

Ramírez‐Martínez

Bennett

Dunn

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Bat flies (Hippoboscoidea: Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites of bats. We collected streblid bat flies from the New World (México) and the Old World (Uganda), and used metagenomics to identify their viruses. In México, we found méjal virus (Rhabdoviridae; Vesiculovirus), Amate virus (Reoviridae: Orbivirus), and two unclassified viruses of invertebrates. Méjal virus is related to emerging zoonotic encephalitis viruses and to the agriculturally important vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSV). Amate virus and its sister taxon from a bat are most closely related to mosquito- and tick-borne orbiviruses, suggesting a previously unrecognized orbivirus transmission cycle involving bats and bat flies. In Uganda, we found mamucuso virus (Peribunyaviridae: Orthobunyavirus) and two unclassified viruses (a rhabdovirus and an invertebrate virus). Mamucuso virus is related to encephalitic viruses of mammals and to viruses from nycteribiid bat flies and louse flies, suggesting a previously unrecognized orthobunyavirus transmission cycle involving hippoboscoid insects. Bat fly virus transmission may be neither strictly vector-borne nor strictly vertical, with opportunistic feeding by bat flies occasionally leading to zoonotic transmission. Many “bat-associated” viruses, which are ecologically and epidemiologically associated with bats but rarely or never found in bats themselves, may actually be viruses of bat flies or other bat ectoparasites.

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Global emergence and evolutionary dynamics of bluetongue virus

Cited by 33 publications

References 80 publications

Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in the United States of America at the Wildlife–Livestock Interface

Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in the United States of America at the Wildlife–Livestock Interface

Bluetongue Disease in Small Ruminants in Palestine: A retrospective Study Between the period of 2005-2019

Bat Flies of the Family Streblidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea) Host Relatives of Medically and Agriculturally Important “Bat-Associated” Viruses

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