Global patterns of tree density are contingent upon local determinants in the world’s natural forests

Madrigal‐González, Jaime; Calatayud, Joaquín; Ballesteros‐Cánovas, Juan Antonio; Escudero, Adrián; Cayuela, Luis; Marqués, Laura; Rueda, Marta Pacheco; Ruiz‐Benito, Paloma; Herrero, Asier; Aponte, Cristina; Sagardia, Rodrigo; Plumptre, Andrew J.; Dupire, S.; Espinosa, Carlos; Tutubalina, Olga; Myint, Moe; Pataro, Luciano; Lopez-Saez, Jérôme; Macía, Manuel J.; Abegg, Meinrad; Zavala, Miguel Á.; Quesada‐Román, Adolfo; Vega-Araya, Mauricio; Голубева, Е.И.; Timokhina, Yuliya; Bañares-de-Dios, Guillermo; Cerda, Íñigo Granzow‐de la; Stoffel, Markus

doi:10.1038/s42003-023-04419-8

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The finding on tree density in Kaiti watershed is similar to findings by other studies (Akpalu et al, 2019;Baul et al, 2013;Endale et al, 2017;Jordan et al, 2016;Madrigal-gonzález et al, 2023) that tree density on farms vary from region to region. Baul et al (2013) in their study on agrobiodiversity in Nepal found peak tree density of 226 trees per hectare on farms less than 0.25 hectares and lowest tree density of 165 trees per hectare on farms between 0.26 to 0.5 hectares.…”

Section: Tree Density On Farms In Kaiti Watershedsupporting

confidence: 90%

Socio-Economic Drivers of Agroforestry Practices in Kaiti Watershed, Makueni County, Kenya

Ngila,

Kweyu,

Mbuthia

2024

East Afr. j. for. agrofor.

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Forests and trees are essential resources for sustainable provision of goods and services. However, trees have not only been depleted in reserved forests but also on agricultural lands. Several measures have been formulated to improve forest cover in Kenya and one of such strategies is agroforestry. This study aimed to examine agroforestry practices, tree density on farms and determine the relationship between socio-economic characteristics of households and tree density on farms in Kaiti watershed, Makueni County, Kenya. Quadrats were used to determine tree density and tree species diversity on farms while questionnaires were used to record socio-economic characteristics of households. Data files were prepared in the Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 20 software where descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The study found 8 agroforestry practices. The results of One-Way ANOVA for both Shannon Diversity Index and Simpsons’ Index of Diversity showed significant difference in species diversity in Kaiti watershed with p-value of 0.00023 and 0.00012, respectively. The mean of tree density was 104.5 trees per acre where 54% of farms had less than 40 trees per acre while 46% of farms had more than 40 trees per acre. Further, the study found significant relationship between socio-economic characteristics of households and tree density on farms. Household income was the most significant with p-value of 0.000. The study recommends sensitization of farmers about importance of trees and suitable tree species for growing in arid and semi-arid areas. Further, supply of certified seedlings close to farmers and at affordable prices would improve tree species diversity and tree density on farms. There is also need for private land ownership for households to promote sense of ownership of trees

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Section: Tree Density On Farms In Kaiti Watershedsupporting

confidence: 90%

Socio-Economic Drivers of Agroforestry Practices in Kaiti Watershed, Makueni County, Kenya

Ngila,

Kweyu,

Mbuthia

2024

East Afr. j. for. agrofor.

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“…4). The disconnect between tree density with climate along the latitudinal gradient due to interactions with soil fertility and tree size (Madrigal‐Gonzalez et al 2023) may have influenced the signal of tree density on richness patterns. Multivariate mixed models revealed that the interaction between tree height and density may be more important in explaining gliding species richness than tree density alone (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neotropical rainforests, in contrast, have shorter trees, with wider crowns than those in Southeast Asia (Larjavaara 2014). Tree density patterns also show a decoupling with climate across the latitudinal gradient due to filtering imposed by interactions with soil fertility and tree size, leading to peaks in density at different latitudes (Madrigal‐Gonzalez et al 2023). The decoupling of tree height and density patterns from the latitudinal diversity gradient may have implications for species diversification rates and linked diversity patterns for vertebrate species associated with arboreal habitats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remotely sensed tree height and density explain global gliding vertebrate richness

Wagner,

Kreft,

Nitschke

et al. 2023

Ecography

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In vertebrates, gliding evolved as a mode of energy‐efficient locomotion to move between trees. Gliding vertebrate richness is hypothesised to increase with tree height and decrease with tree density but empirical evidence for this is scarce, especially at a global scale. Here, we test the ability of tree height and density to explain species richness of gliding vertebrates globally compared to richness of all vertebrates, while controlling for biogeographical and climatic factors. We compiled a global database of 193 gliding amphibians, mammals and reptiles and created maps of species richness from extent‐of‐occurrence range maps. We paired species richness of gliding vertebrates with spatial estimates of global tree height and density and biogeographical regions (BGRs) as covariates to account for ecological and historical differences among global regions. We used univariate linear and multivariate generalised linear mixed‐effect models to evaluate relationships between species richness and tree height and density, and the interaction between both variables. We found that richness of all gliding vertebrate species increased significantly with tree height, while results for richness of gliding amphibians, mammals and reptiles alone indicated mixed responses especially among different BGRs. Mixed‐effect models mirrored these results for richness of all gliding species combined, while also revealing the mixed response to tree height and denisyt of richness of gliding amphibians, mammals and reptiles. Richness of all vertebrate species – gliding and non‐gliding – also increased with tree height and density, but at a lesser rate than richness of gliding vertebrates, indicating a greater influence of forest structure on richness patterns of gliding vertebrates. Our results support hypotheses stating that gliding in vertebrates evolved globally in tall forests as energy‐efficient locomotion between trees, and provide further evidence for the importance of forest structure to explain the distribution of gliding vertebrates.

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Densely stocked neighborhood reduces the risk of tree mortality in drylands: Evidence from Populus euphratica forests along the Tarim River corridor

He,

Han,

Miao

2024

Biological Conservation

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Global patterns of tree density are contingent upon local determinants in the world’s natural forests

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Socio-Economic Drivers of Agroforestry Practices in Kaiti Watershed, Makueni County, Kenya

Socio-Economic Drivers of Agroforestry Practices in Kaiti Watershed, Makueni County, Kenya

Remotely sensed tree height and density explain global gliding vertebrate richness

Densely stocked neighborhood reduces the risk of tree mortality in drylands: Evidence from Populus euphratica forests along the Tarim River corridor

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