Global peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) retrieval in the upper troposphere from limb emission spectra of the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS)

Glatthor, N.; Clarmann, T. von; Fischer, H.; Funke, B.; Grabowski, U.; Höpfner, Michael; Kellmann, S.; Kiefer, Michael; Linden, A.; Milz, M.; Steck, T.; Stiller, G. P.

doi:10.5194/acp-7-2775-2007

Cited by 79 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The maximum distance for which MIPAS data points are considered is ±7 • in latitude and ±15 • in longitude (covering a box of 14 • in latitude and 30 • in longitude), and a minimum number of two data points per interpolation grid point are required. The data quality specifications as given in the metadata of the MIPAS data files were employed, namely only data with a visibility flag equal to 1 (all gases) and a diagonal value of the averaging kernel greater than 0.03 were used for ozone and PAN, while the diagonal value of the averaging kernel had to exceed 0.008 for CO to be used (personal communication with with Bernd Funke, 2018; see also Glatthor et al, 2007;Funke et al, 2009). …”

Section: Satellite Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of trace gases via eddy shedding from the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone and associated impacts on ozone heating rates

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The highly vibrant Asian summer monsoon (ASM) anticyclone plays an important role in efficient transport of Asian tropospheric air masses to the extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). In this paper, we demonstrate long-range transport of Asian trace gases via eddy-shedding events using MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) satellite observations, ERA-Interim reanalysis data and the ECHAM5-HAMMOZ global chemistry-climate model. Model simulations and observations consistently show that Asian boundary layer trace gases are lifted to UTLS altitudes in the monsoon anticyclone and are further transported horizontally eastward and westward by eddies detached from the anticyclone. We present an event of eddy shedding during 1-8 July 2003 and discuss a 1995-2016 climatology of eddy-shedding events. Our analysis indicates that eddies detached from the anticyclone contribute to the transport of Asian trace gases away from the Asian region to the western Pacific (20-30 • N, 120-150 • E) and western Africa (20-30 • N, 0-30 • E). Over the last two decades, the estimated frequency of occurrence of eddy-shedding events is ∼ 68 % towards western Africa and ∼ 25 % towards the western Pacific.Model sensitivity experiments considering a 10 % reduction in Asian emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) were performed with ECHAM5-HAMMOZ to understand the impact of Asian emissions on the UTLS. The model simulations show that transport of Asian emissions due to eddy shedding significantly affects the chemical composition of the upper troposphere (∼ 100-400 hPa) and lower stratosphere (∼ 100-80 hPa) over western Africa and the western Pacific. The 10 % reduction of NMVOCs and NO x Asian emissions leads to decreases in peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) (2 %-10 % near 200-80 hPa), ozone (1 %-4.5 % near ∼ 150 hPa) and ozone heating rates (0.001-0.004 K day −1 near 300-150 hPa) in the upper troposphere over western Africa and the western Pacific.

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Section: Satellite Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of trace gases via eddy shedding from the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone and associated impacts on ozone heating rates

et al. 2018

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“…However, these measurements lack vertical resolution and the sensitivity to detect weakly absorbing species, which is required for modeling the physical and chemical processes within the plume. Limb emission or solar occultation measurements in the infrared or the microwave (Waters et al, 2006) offer these specific advantages and have been successfully employed recently to probe new organic compounds from space Glatthor et al, 2007;Livesey et al, 2004;Remedios et al, 2006;. This paper is dedicated to the spectral and chemical analysis of a biomass burning plume, which we show, using chemical transport models, to originate from a nearby fire.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACE-FTS observation of a young biomass burning plume: first reported measurements of C2H4, C3H6O, H2CO and PAN by infrared occultation from space

et al. 2007

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Abstract. In the course of our study of the upper tropospheric composition with the infrared Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment -Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS), we found an occultation sequence that on 8 October 2005, sampled a remarkable plume near the east coast of Tanzania. Model simulations of the CO distribution in the Southern hemisphere are performed for this period and they suggest that the emissions for this event likely originated from a nearby forest fire, after which the plume was transported from the source region to the upper troposphere. Taking advantage of the very high signal-to-noise ratio of the ACE-FTS spectra over a wide wavenumber range (750-4400 cm −1 ), we present in-depth analyses of the chemical composition of this plume in the middle and upper troposphere, focusing on the measurements of weakly absorbing pollutants. For this specific biomass burning event, we report simultaneous observations of an unprecedented number of organic species. Measurements of C 2 H 4 (ethene), C 3 H 4 (propyne), H 2 CO (formaldehyde), C 3 H 6 O (acetone) and CH 3 COO 2 NO 2 (peroxyacetylnitrate, abbreviated as PAN) are the first reported detections using infrared occultation spectroscopy from satellites. Based on the lifetime of the emitted species, we discuss the photochemical age of the plume and also report, whenever possible, the enhancement ratios relative to CO.

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“…Although PAN was first identified and measured in the atmosphere by long path infrared absorbance spectroscopy, and PAN in the upper troposphere has been observed by satellite using infrared emission spectra (Glatthor, et al, 2007), most measurements of PANs have used gas chromatography, typically with electron capture detection (GC/ECD) (Stephens, 1969;Roberts, 2007). While the GC/ECD is a sensitive and reliable method for measuring C 2 -C 4 PANs, the response to larger PANs is known to be lower, probably due to some combination of thermal loss during the longer elution times and a decline in the ECD signal with increasing size of the R-group .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total Peroxy Nitrates (ΣPNs) in the atmosphere: the Thermal Dissociation-Laser Induced Fluorescence (TD-LIF) technique and comparisons to speciated PAN measurements

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and its chemical analogues are increasingly being quantified in the ambient atmosphere by thermal dissociation (TD) followed by detection of either the peroxyacyl radical or the NO 2 product. Here we present details of the technique developed at University of California, Berkeley which detects the sum of all peroxynitrates ( PNs) via laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of the NO 2 product. We review the various deployments and compare the Berkeley PNs measurements with the sums of PAN and its homologue species detected individually by other instruments. The observed TD-LIF PNs usually agree to within 10% with the summed individual species, thus arguing against the presence of significant concentrations of unmeasured PAN-type compounds in the atmosphere, as suggested by some photochemical mechanisms. Examples of poorer agreement are attributed to a sampling inlet design that is shown to be inappropriate for high NO x conditions. Interferences to the TD-LIF measurements are described along with strategies to minimize their effects.

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Global peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) retrieval in the upper troposphere from limb emission spectra of the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS)

Abstract: Abstract. We use limb emission spectra of the Michelson

Cited by 79 publications

References 36 publications

Transport of trace gases via eddy shedding from the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone and associated impacts on ozone heating rates

Transport of trace gases via eddy shedding from the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone and associated impacts on ozone heating rates

ACE-FTS observation of a young biomass burning plume: first reported measurements of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>, C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O, H<sub>2</sub>CO and PAN by infrared occultation from space

Total Peroxy Nitrates (ΣPNs) in the atmosphere: the Thermal Dissociation-Laser Induced Fluorescence (TD-LIF) technique and comparisons to speciated PAN measurements

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Global peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) retrieval in the upper troposphere from limb emission spectra of the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS)

Abstract: Abstract. We use limb emission spectra of the Michelson

Cited by 79 publications

References 36 publications

Transport of trace gases via eddy shedding from the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone and associated impacts on ozone heating rates

Transport of trace gases via eddy shedding from the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone and associated impacts on ozone heating rates

ACE-FTS observation of a young biomass burning plume: first reported measurements of C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;O, H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CO and PAN by infrared occultation from space

Total Peroxy Nitrates (ΣPNs) in the atmosphere: the Thermal Dissociation-Laser Induced Fluorescence (TD-LIF) technique and comparisons to speciated PAN measurements

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ACE-FTS observation of a young biomass burning plume: first reported measurements of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>, C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O, H<sub>2</sub>CO and PAN by infrared occultation from space