Global Warming and Infectious Disease

Khasnis, Atul; Nettleman, Mary D.

doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.03.041

Cited by 276 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In the current background of climate change literature, improving economic well-being remains a primary objective in order to prevent infectious diseases (Khasnis and Nettleman, 2005). However, studies that compare the influences of climate change and economic well-being in triggering infectious diseases are scarce (McMichael et al, 2006), mainly because of the absence of long-term and high-quality datasets (Patz et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemics in Ming and Qing China: Impacts of changes of climate and economic well-being

Pei

Zhang

et al. 2015

Social Science & Medicine

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a b s t r a c tWe investigated the mechanism of epidemics with the impacts of climate change and socio-economic fluctuations in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China (AD 1368e1901). Using long-term and highquality datasets, this study is the first quantitative research that verifies the 'climate change / economy / epidemics' mechanism in historical China by statistical methods that include correlation analysis, Granger causality analysis, ARX, and Poisson-ARX modeling. The analysis provides the evidences that climate change could only fundamentally lead to the epidemics spread and occurrence, but the depressed economic well-being is the direct trigger of epidemics spread and occurrence at the national and long term scale in historical China. Moreover, statistical modeling shows that economic well-being is more important than population pressure in the mechanism of epidemics. However, population pressure remains a key element in determining the social vulnerability of the epidemics occurrence under climate change. Notably, the findings not only support adaptation theories but also enhance our confidence to address climatic shocks if economic buffering capacity can be promoted steadily. The findings can be a basis for scientists and policymakers in addressing global and regional environmental changes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemics in Ming and Qing China: Impacts of changes of climate and economic well-being

Pei

Zhang

et al. 2015

Social Science & Medicine

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“…This in turn already affected the various species on the world including humans as well (IPCC, 2007;Johari et al, 2012;Khasnis and Nettleman, 2005;Lonngren and Bai, 2008). Anthropogenic activities including burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), the emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and agricultural activities are responsible for increasing the green house gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere (Bauen, 2006;Khasnis and Nettleman, 2005;Rahman and Khondaker, 2012;Singh et al, 2011;Turton and Barreto, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the major issues in the 21 st century is the global warming, which has caused a change in the climate of the earth, causing temperatures to rise (IPCC, 2007;Khasnis and Nettleman, 2005;Lonngren and Bai, 2008;Rahman and Khondaker, 2012;Singh et al, 2011). This in turn already affected the various species on the world including humans as well (IPCC, 2007;Johari et al, 2012;Khasnis and Nettleman, 2005;Lonngren and Bai, 2008). Anthropogenic activities including burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), the emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and agricultural activities are responsible for increasing the green house gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere (Bauen, 2006;Khasnis and Nettleman, 2005;Rahman and Khondaker, 2012;Singh et al, 2011;Turton and Barreto, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Municipal Solid Waste Management: Challenges and Opportunities in Nepal

Gurung¹,

2012

Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer

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Nepal is one of the least urbanized countries in the world where more than 80% of the total population live in rural areas. In recent years, the rate of urbanization became rampant which ultimately accelerated immense pressure on municipal services, especially on managing the ever increasing amount of wastes. Due to lack of technology, infrastructure and financial capacity management of increasing amount of solid waste has become a major challenge in municipalities of Nepal. The indiscriminate dumping of solid wastes already affected the urban environment by creating a serious occupational health and environmental hazard to the vicinity of the dumping sites. However, there is great possibility of recovering methane from the landfill sites since the typical Nepalese municipal solid waste contains more than 65% of organic wastes. Despite having enormous potential of generating electricity from hydropower, Nepal is facing acute shortage of energy. Therefore, comprehensive scientific research and development is necessary for making solid waste to environmentally friendly by converting waste to the energy.

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“…Global cli-mate change may shift the geographical distribution of equine diseases and their vectors (Timoney et al, 2007). Climate-driven changes in size and activity of specific vec-tor populations as well as replication rate of the virus in the vector can enable virus transmission to become sustainable in previously non-endemic areas (Khasnis and Nettleman, 2005;Haines et al, 2006;Herholz et al, 2006;Gould and Higgs, 2009). In Switzerland, the AHSV would move into a completely naïve horse population (Zimmerli et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of horses against Culicoides biting midges in different housing systems in Switzerland

Lincoln

Page

Kopp

et al. 2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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A b s t r a c tSpecies belonging to the Culicoides complexes (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae), obsoletus and pulicaris, in Switzerland, are potential vectors of both bluetongue virus (BTV) and African horse sickness virus (AHSV). The epidemic of BTV in 2006 and 2007 in Europe has highlighted the risk of introduction and spread of vector-borne diseases in previously non-endemic areas. As a measure of prevention, as part of an integrated control programme in the event of an outbreak of African horse sickness (AHS), it is of utmost importance to prevent, or substantially reduce, contact between horses and Culicoides. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of three protection systems, net, fan, repellent, or combinations thereof, with regard to their potential to reduce contact between horses and Culicoides. Three different equine housing systems, including individual boxes (BX), group housing systems (GR), and individual boxes with permanently accessible paddock (BP) were used. The efficacy of the protection systems were evaluated by comparing the total number counts of collected female Culicoides, of non-blood-fed and blood-fed Culicoides, respectively, with UV black light traps. The study was conducted over 3 summer months during 2012 and 2013 each and focused on the efficacy and practicality of the protection systems. The repellent was tested in 2012 only and not further investigated in 2013, as it showed no significant effect in reducing Culicoides collected in the light traps. Net protection system provided the best overall protection for the total number of female Culicoides, non-blood-fed and blood-fed Culicoides in all tested housing systems. The net, with a pore size of 0.1825 mm2, reduced the total number of Culicoides collected in the housing systems BP, GR and BX by 98%, 85% and 67%, respectively. However, in the GR housing system, no significant difference between the effectiveness of the fan and the net were determined for any of the three Culicoides categories. The results of the present study demonstrated that horse owners can substantially reduce their horses' exposure to Culicoides, by using net protection in the housing systems BX, BP and GR. In GR housing systems, protection against Culicoides using a fan is also recommended.

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Global Warming and Infectious Disease

Cited by 276 publications

References 45 publications

Epidemics in Ming and Qing China: Impacts of changes of climate and economic well-being

Epidemics in Ming and Qing China: Impacts of changes of climate and economic well-being

Municipal Solid Waste Management: Challenges and Opportunities in Nepal

Protection of horses against Culicoides biting midges in different housing systems in Switzerland

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