Global youth vaping and respiratory health: epidemiology, interventions, and policies

Abstract

E-cigarette usage (also known as e-cigarettes or vaping products) has increasingly been recognized as a global public health problem. One challenge in particular involves their marketing to minors (teenagers and children) and the rising prevalence of use in this population. E-cigarettes unnecessarily expose minors to health risks, these include respiratory health problems, such as exacerbations of asthma, bronchitis, and respiratory-tract irritation. Nicotine, commonly found in e-cigarettes, is also associated with cognitive impairment and neurodevelopmental problems. E-cigarettes are also risk factors for downstream substance use, including cigarettes and cannabis initiation (the gateway hypothesis), which compounds health risks in dual users. Current public health preventative and intervention studies are limited, and there is a clear need for more interventions that may prevent usage and assist with cessation in this vulnerable population. Physician education and screening uptake should also be enhanced. Stricter public health policy and protection measures are also needed on a global scale to limit e-cigarette exposure in minors.

The Commercial Promotion of Electronic Cigarettes on Social Media and Its Influence on Vaping Initiation and Positive Perceptions of Vaping in Anglophone Countries: A Scoping Review Protocol

“…The selection of the setting was based on the social, cultural, and historical similarities between the populations, and due to their common primary language (Nossal, 2012). Additionally, as high-income countries, core anglophone nations also share a high prevalence of electronic cigarette use (Jerzyński et al, 2021), especially among youths (Hammond et al, 2019; Venkata, Palagiri and Vaithilingam, 2020; Lyzwinski et al, 2022).…”

“…Additionally, as high-income countries, core anglophone nations also share a high prevalence of electronic cigarette use (Jerzyński et al, 2021), especially among youths (Hammond et al, 2019;Venkata, Palagiri and Vaithilingam, 2020;Lyzwinski et al, 2022). is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint…”

“…As high-income countries, core anglophone nations also share a high prevalence of electronic cigarette use (Jerzyński et al, 2021), especially among youths (Hammond et al, 2019; Venkata, Palagiri and Vaithilingam, 2020; Lyzwinski et al, 2022). Core anglophone countries consist of a group of nations sharing English as the main language in addition to historical, cultural, and political attachments.…”

Youth E-Cigarette Use and Functionally Important Respiratory Symptoms: The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Waves 3 and 4

“…Growing evidence links e-cigarette use with negative respiratory health outcomes in youth [ 4 , 5 ], which is of particular concern since their lungs have not yet fully matured. E-cigarette use can interfere with lung development and impair respiratory immunity, as well as increase oxidative stress and inflammation [ 6 , 7 ]. Frequent use of e-cigarettes among youth has been associated with increased odds of respiratory symptoms (e.g., coughing and wheezing) [ 4 ], and respiratory complications (e.g., asthma exacerbations, pneumonia, epiglottitis, bronchitis, and acute respiratory distress) [ 5 ].…”

Evolution from traditional marketing to digital marketing as a formative process

“…Supporting the importance of formative assessment in the teaching and learning process authors such as Van Dam et al, (2022) refer that it is common to distinguish 2 main types of formative assessment: a) formal formative assessment, which includes questions or activities planned by the teacher as part of a lesson or unit of work, with the objective of obtaining evidence of learning in a group of students; and b) informal formative assessment, which arises spontaneously in the classroom and tends to focus on obtaining information about learning whenever the opportunity arises, and both can be effective in the virtual modality. Nowadays, identifying and describing the importance of formative research and the use of didactics to strengthen the teaching-learning process of marketing as a subject in higher education has awakened new formative strategies through virtuality according to Lyzwinski et al, (2022) although Lavoie & Main, (2022) The importance of formative research and the use of didactics to strengthen the teaching-learning process of marketing as a subject in higher education has awakened new formative strategies through virtuality, although the marketing approach in the quality processes in higher education graduate programs in the area of business administration are valid under current conditions; contributing to quality in higher education, accreditation and customer service in higher education through techniques to measure student satisfaction.…”