Globalization, invasive forest pathogen species, and forest tree health

Ghelardini, Luisa; Santini, Alberto; Luchi, Nicola

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85042-1.00035-5

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 121 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…trough international trade (Dawson et al., 2017). It is widely recognised that import volumes correlate with alien fungal richness (Desprez‐Loustau et al., 2010; Santini et al., 2013; Sikes et al., 2018) reflecting that trade of commodities (especially plants for planting) is a major pathway for alien pests and pathogens (Burgess & Wingfield, 2017; Ghelardini et al., 2022). For example, Asia is the main importer of live plants to Europe (Ghelardini et al., 2022), which is consistent with our findings that Asia is also the main donor of major alien fungal pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography and global flows of 100 major alien fungal and fungus‐like oomycete pathogens

Schertler,

Lenzner,

Dullinger

et al. 2023

Journal of Biogeography

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

AimSpreading infectious diseases associated with introduced pathogens can have devastating effects on native biota and human livelihoods. We analyse the global distribution of 100 major alien fungal and oomycete pathogens with substantial socio‐economic and environmental impacts and examine their taxonomy, ecological characteristics, temporal accumulation trajectories, regional hot‐ and coldspots of taxon richness and taxon flows between continents.LocationGlobal.TaxonAlien/cryptogenic fungi and fungus‐like oomycetes, pathogenic to plants or animals.MethodsTo identify over/underrepresented classes and phyla, we performed Chi2 tests of independence. To describe spatial patterns, we calculated the region‐wise richness and identified hot‐ and coldspots, defined as residuals after correcting taxon richness for region area and sampling effort via a quasi‐Poisson regression. We examined the relationship with environmental and socio‐economic drivers with a multiple linear regression and evaluated a potential island effect. Regional first records were pooled over 20‐year periods, and for global flows the links between the native range to the alien regions were mapped.ResultsPeronosporomycetes (Oomycota) were overrepresented among taxa and regional taxon richness was positively correlated with area and sampling effort. While no island effect was found, likely due to host limitations, hotspots were correlated with human modification of terrestrial land, per capita gross domestic product, temperate and tropical forest biomes, and orobiomes. Regional first records have increased steeply in recent decades. While Europe and Northern America were major recipients, about half of the taxa originate from Asia.Main ConclusionsWe highlight the putative importance of anthropogenic drivers, such as land use providing a conducive environment, contact opportunities and susceptible hosts, as well as economic wealth likely increasing colonisation pressure. While most taxa were associated with socio‐economic impacts, possibly partly due to a bias in research focus, about a third show substantial impacts to both socio‐economy and the environment, underscoring the importance of maintaining a wholescale perspective across natural and managed systems.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography and global flows of 100 major alien fungal and fungus‐like oomycete pathogens

Schertler,

Lenzner,

Dullinger

et al. 2023

Journal of Biogeography

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This makes tree mortality rate an extremely useful tool in forest health research. Supernatural mortality is usually associated with climate change and the resulting threats to the forest environment [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], as well as with the emergence of invasive alien species and pathogens in the context of globalisation processes [ 5 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Mortality, or not mortality, that is the question …”: How to Treat Removals in Tree Survival Analysis of Central European Managed Forests

Lech,

Kamińska

2024

Plants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tree mortality is an objective forest health criterion and is particularly suitable for long-term and large-scale studies of forest condition. However, it is impossible to determine actual tree mortality in Central European managed forests where trees are removed for various reasons. In this case, the only way to approximate tree mortality is to define the range in which it occurs. This can be carried out by including in the mortality calculations either dead trees that remain in the stand at the end of the assessment period or additionally trees that have been removed from the stand. We used data from the annual forest monitoring surveys in Poland from 2009 to 2022 for pine, spruce, oak and birch to perform a survival analysis in which we included all removals or sanitary cuttings either as censored or complete observations. The differences between the calculated mortality rates were significant, indicating the importance of how removals are treated in the analysis. To assess which method used for mortality calculation was more appropriate, we compared values for last recorded defoliation and severity of damage from live, dead and thinned or salvaged trees. For all species studied, significant differences were found between dead trees or trees removed by sanitation cuts and living trees or trees removed by thinning, suggesting that not only dead trees remaining in the forest, but also trees removed by sanitation cuts, should be considered when calculating mortality in managed stands. We also recommend the use of survival analysis in forest monitoring as a routine method for assessing the health of stands.

show abstract