Globally differentiated effect factors for characterising terrestrial acidification in life cycle impact assessment

Gade, Annika L.; Hauschild, Michael Zwicky; Laurent, Alexis

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143280

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…We can predict SSD curves with a logistic function (eq ) to fit the data pairs of PDF (calculated in eq ) and N concentration. This function is widely used in LCIA method development. − PDF = 1 1 + exp nobreak0em.25em⁡ a − log 10 .25em C normalN b where a and b are empirical coefficients, a indicates the N concentration at which 50% of the species have disappeared, and b can be interpreted as the slope of the SSD. C N (milligrams per liter) is the N concentration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We assume that the fish species are tolerant to the prevailing N-induced hypoxia/ toxicity up to the N concentration at which they are observed within an ecoregion, whereas fish species richness gradually decreases with an increase in N concentration by exceeding the tolerance levels of the species. This follows an approach similar to that of Gade et al 58 for terrestrial acidification. To keep consistency with current LCA practices, the lower tolerance threshold was not considered.…”

Section: Species Sensitivity Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Nitrogen Emissions on Fish Species Richness across the World’s Freshwater Ecoregions

Zhou

Mogollón

Bodegom

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The increasing application of synthetic fertilizer has tripled nitrogen (N) inputs over the 20th century. N enrichment decreases water quality and threatens aquatic species such as fish through eutrophication and toxicity. However, the impacts of N on freshwater ecosystems are typically neglected in life cycle assessment (LCA). Due to the variety of environmental conditions and species compositions, the response of species to N emissions differs among ecoregions, requiring a regionalized effect assessment. Our study tackled this issue by establishing regionalized species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) of freshwater fish against N concentrations for 367 ecoregions and 48 combinations of realms and major habitat types globally. Subsequently, effect factors (EFs) were derived for LCA to assess the effects of N on fish species richness at a 0.5 degree × 0.5 degree resolution. Results show good SSD fits for all of the ecoregions that contain sufficient data and similar patterns for average and marginal EFs. The SSDs highlight strong effects on species richness due to high N concentrations in the tropical zone and the vulnerability of cold regions. Our study revealed the regional differences in sensitivities of freshwater ecosystems against N content in great spatial detail and can be used to assess more precisely and comprehensively nutrient-induced impacts in LCA.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Species Sensitivity Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nitrogen Emissions on Fish Species Richness across the World’s Freshwater Ecoregions

Zhou

Mogollón

Bodegom

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…We want to stress that the presented dataset is generated for the purpose of global spatial screening studies and for building a basis for future, global biodiversity impact assessment models. In concert with powerful, species-specific trait and conservation-related databases, the provided data can benefit future work, such as assessing global extinction probabilities 34 , effects of terrestrial acidification 35 , drivers of invasion success 36 , progress towards reaching global conservation goals 37 and act as pre-assessment prior to expert-based range map generation and red list assessments 38 – 41 . With a continuously increasing availability of species occurrence records, the presented dataset can be updated frequently to illustrate the state of knowledge at any time.…”

Section: Background and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Native range estimates for red-listed vascular plants

et al. 2022

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Besides being central for understanding both global biodiversity patterns and associated anthropogenic impacts, species range maps are currently only available for a small subset of global biodiversity. Here, we provide a set of assembled spatial data for terrestrial vascular plants listed at the global IUCN red list. The dataset consists of pre-defined native regions for 47,675 species, density of available native occurrence records for 30,906 species, and standardized, large-scale Maxent predictions for 27,208 species, highlighting environmentally suitable areas within species’ native regions. The data was generated in an automated approach consisting of data scraping and filtering, variable selection, model calibration and model selection. Generated Maxent predictions were validated by comparing a subset to available expert-drawn range maps from IUCN (n = 4,257), as well as by qualitatively inspecting predictions for randomly selected species. We expect this data to serve as a substitute whenever expert-drawn species range maps are not available for conducting large-scale analyses on biodiversity patterns and associated anthropogenic impacts.

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“…In base-catalyzed biodiesel production, a molar ratio of 5:1 or 6:1 of methanol to oil is sufficient to convert Jatropha oil to biodiesel if free fatty acids after pretreatment are less than 1% [6][7][8][9]. If the fraction of free fatty acids in oils was large, a molar ratio of 20:1 or 24:1 was necessary when using acid-catalyzed transesterification [10][11][12][13]. The amount of catalyst used can alter the yield of biodiesel produced as basic catalysts are often favored over acid catalysts due to their better reactivity and reduced process temperature requirements [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acid catalyzed trans-esterification takes much longer than base catalyzed trans-esterification because base catalysts are frequently more reactive than acid catalysts [14]. According to previous studies [12][13], the reaction time needed to convert triglycerides to biodiesel might be anywhere from 18 to 24 hours. On the other hand, excessive reaction time would limit the product yield due to the reverse reaction of trans-esterification, which causes more fatty acids to be produced in the form of soaps [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of process parameters for biodiesel production from three indigenous vegetable oils

Mustapha¹,

Usman²,

Zakariyah³

et al. 2022

IHJPAS

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Optimization procedures using a variety of input parameters have gotten a lot of attention, but using three non-edible seed oils of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas), Sesame (Sesamum indicum), and Sweet Almond (Prunusamygdalus dulcis) has a few advantages, including availability and non-food competitiveness. Optimizing a two-stage trans-esterification process using a sodium hydroxide-based catalyst at a fixed catalyst (1.0wt %) and temperature (60 oC) while varying molar ratio (1:3, 1:6, 1:12), time (20–60 min), and mixing speed (500–1000 rpm), to produce optimal responses of yields were studied using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimization solution of molar ratio (1:3), time (40.9 min.), and speed (500 rpm) resulted in an 86.9 % for refined jatropha biodiesel (RJB), the optimization for refined sesame biodiesel (RJB) with molar ratio (1:6), time (41.7 min.), and speed (619 rpm) resulted in an 88.5 %, and the optimization for refined sweet almond biodiesel (RSAB) with the molar ratio (1:3), time (49.359 min.), and speed (500 rpm) resulted in an 88.7 % at the conditions. RJO, RJB, and RSAB had predicted biodiesel yields of 86.9 %, 88.5 %, and 88.7 %, with less than 0.2 % variation, respectively. The characteristics of biodiesel were studied, and the results were determined to meet both ASTM D6751 and EN14214 criteria. The effects of molar ratio, and time on biodiesel yield from their respective oils were important parameters that greatly influenced the yields, but speed only changed the yields marginally. This work has addressed important difficulties influencing mass production of biodiesel such as the utilization of low-cost feedstock such as non-edible vegetable oils, boosting production efficiency through variable optimization of process parameters, and lowering catalyst dosages through catalyst regeneration.

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Globally differentiated effect factors for characterising terrestrial acidification in life cycle impact assessment

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Effects of Nitrogen Emissions on Fish Species Richness across the World’s Freshwater Ecoregions

Effects of Nitrogen Emissions on Fish Species Richness across the World’s Freshwater Ecoregions

Native range estimates for red-listed vascular plants

Optimization of process parameters for biodiesel production from three indigenous vegetable oils

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