Glucans as Biological Response Modifiers

Novák, Michal; Větvička, Václav

doi:10.2174/187153009787582423

Cited by 141 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…They stimulate phagocytes for the production of cytokines IL-1, IL-9, TNF-α, as well as affect the synthesis of acute-phase proteins, including ceruloplasmin . Interleukin-1 stimulates T lymphocytes which in a consequence release interleukin-2, which in turn stimulates proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells as well as enhances the activity of natural suppressor cells and macrophages (Novak and Vetvicka 2009).…”

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Effect of β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan in diet on productivity and humoral and cellular defense mechanisms in sheep

et al. 2013

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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan, isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on indicators of milk and meat performance in sheep as well as on selected non-specific indicators of humoral and cellular defense. The experiment was carried on 26 suckling ewes divided into 2 equal groups, and their offspring (21 in each group). The ewes were administered concentrate with the addition of β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan at a dose of 3 g/kg. Indicators of milk performance and markers of humoral and cellular immunity were analyzed on days 28 and 70 of lactation; and the indicators of meat performance of lambs on day 28 and 70 of their life. The addition of β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan was observed to cause an increase in milk performance by 13.5-14%. Simultaneously, milk was characterized by a lower somatic cell count. Diet supplementation had a positive effect on the chemical composition of milk, which was manifested by increased percentage contents of fat (by 15-30%) and protein (by 11%). Lambs were characterized by a higher growth rate and better muscle tissue development. The supplementation caused an increase of gamma-globulin concentration (by 6.33-9.5 g/l), lysozyme activity (by 0.1 mg/l), respiratory burst activity (by 0.11-0.14), potential killing activity (by 0.10-0.12), proliferative response of T-cells stimulated by mitogen concanavalineA (by 0.07-0.09 RI) and proliferative response of B-cells stimulated by mitogen lipopolysaccharide (by 0.13-0.16 RI) in sheep's blood. The activity of β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan as a natural immunostimulator has been studied in many animal species, however, this is the first study conducted on sheep. Milk yield and composition, musculus longissiumus dorsi, ultrasound scanning, anti-infective immunity

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Effect of β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan in diet on productivity and humoral and cellular defense mechanisms in sheep

et al. 2013

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“…β-Glucans show notable physiological effects; this is their most important quality and the reason why so much attention has been focused on them. Numerous studies (currently more than 5,000 publications) have subsequently shown that β1,3-glucans, either particulate or soluble, exhibits immunostimulating properties, including antibacterial and anti-tumor activities (for review see 3,4 ). In addition to different natural sources, diverse data on the comparison of structure, molecular size, and biological effect can be found in the literature.…”

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ANTI-STRESS ACTION OF SEVERAL ORALLY-GIVEN Β-Glucans

Větvička¹,

Vančíková²

2010

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

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Background. β−Glucans are well-established immunomodulators. Recently, glucans have been found to influence stress-related immunosuppression.Aim. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of four different types of β-glucans on immune reactions suppressed by cold-or restrain-induced stress.Methods. Mice were subjected to restraint and cold stress for various time intervals. The ability of individual glucans to overcome stress-related changes was evaluated after 14 days of feeding.Results. First, we showed that cold stress caused 38% decrease in phagocytic activity. While all glucans showed some ability to inhibit stress-related inhibition, only glucan #300 was able to return the phagocytosis to a normal level. In the control group, feeding with glucans did not alter the level of corticosterone. On the other hand, both types of stress resulted in a significant increase in corticosterone which was blocked to some extent by feeding with glucan. Both types of stress reduced IL-6 secretion but only glucan #300 managed to keep IL-6 secretion above control levels. The same results were obtained in the case of IL-12.Conclusion. From our data, we can conclude that, even when all orally-administered glucans helped to restore the stress-related decrease in immune reaction, the level of activity varied widely among individual glucans. In addition, the results suggest that glucans might work via inhibition of corticosterone levels and/or stimulation of cytokine production.

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“…From the viewpoint of evolution of hominids, to which modern species of man H. sapiens sapiens belong [26], these substances still formed a substantial part of the food of these hunter-gatherers during at least the whole Paleolithic Era. Their health and especially anti-infectious branch of their immunity have been supported principally by β-glucans, which represent important biological response modifiers [27][28][29]. This plant-based diet primarily formed the human genes controlling digestive metabolism and utilizing food components for growth, regeneration and immunity long before the shift to meat-based diets.…”

Section: Paleolithic Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleonutrition-Salvation or Fantasy?

Větvička¹,

Šíma²,

Marketa³

2018

ICPJL

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Most studies suggest that ancestors of hominins and early hominins gained app. 35% of energy from fatty food, 35% from saccharide and rest from proteins. Amount of polyunsaturated AbstractPaleonutrition is currently considered to be one of the healthiest diets. On the other hand, numerous nutritionists believe that this type of diet is nothing more than unsubstantiated fantasy. In this article, we discuss this topic from the historical and evolutionary perspective.

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Glucans as Biological Response Modifiers

Cited by 141 publications

References 74 publications

Effect of β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan in diet on productivity and humoral and cellular defense mechanisms in sheep

Effect of β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan in diet on productivity and humoral and cellular defense mechanisms in sheep

ANTI-STRESS ACTION OF SEVERAL ORALLY-GIVEN Β-Glucans

Paleonutrition-Salvation or Fantasy?

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