Glucocorticoid-lnduced Cataract of the Developing Chick Embryo – Prevention by Propylene Glycol

Nishigori, Hideo; Lee, Jung W.; Iwatsuru, Motoharu

doi:10.1159/000267747

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The present study was aimed to examine the preventive effects of different doses of betaine on cataract formation using in vivo chick embryo SIC model. Chick embryo SIC model has been used as an efficient animal cataract model to study the anti-cataract potential of several agents1617181920.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anticataractogenic effect of betaine in chick embryo hydrocortisone-induced cataract model

Ertekın

Duman

Vurmaz

et al. 2019

Indian Journal of Medical Research

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Background & objectives:Cataract is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. The aim of the present study was to investigate anticataractogenic effect of betaine in chick embryo hydrocortisone (HC)-induced cataract model.Methods:The study included 60 fertilized eggs divided into six groups each having 10 eggs: one group treated with only HC (HC group); three treated with both HC and different doses of betaine (HC/B 1.00, HC/B 0.50 and HC/B 0.25 groups) and two non-HC groups treated with only phosphate-buffered saline (PBS group) or betaine (B group). After the injections, lenses of the embryos were removed and classified into five stages according to the lens opacification. The amounts of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the removed lenses were measured.Results:All the lenses in non-HC-treated groups were clear, whereas in the HC-treated group, 90 per cent of the lenses had cataract (stages 4 and 5). The mean score of lens opacity was significantly lower in all HC/B groups compared to HC group (2.4-3.5 vs. 4.4, P<0.05). Among HC/B groups, the HC/B 0.25 group had significantly lower mean score of lens opacity compared to remaining HC/B groups treated with higher doses of betaine. In addition, the mean reduced GSH level was significantly higher in HC/B 0.25 group compared to HC, HC/B 1.00 and HC/B 0.50 groups (P<0.001).Interpretation & conclusions:The present results show beneficial anti-cataract and anti-oxidant effects of 0.25 μmol/egg betaine on HC-induced cataract in the chick embryo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, chick embryo SIC model was used which was first reported by Lee et al 15. Several studies have shown that the anatomy and histology of the chick embryo lens tissues are similar in size and appearance to human lens tissues151617.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticataractogenic effect of betaine in chick embryo hydrocortisone-induced cataract model

Ertekın

Duman

Vurmaz

et al. 2019

Indian Journal of Medical Research

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“…LDH is an important enzyme in the glycolysis pathway and its activity is decreased in senile cataract [27] . Steroids are believed to induce oxidation conditions in the lens [28,29] and lead to severe mitochondrial damage [30,31] . Based on our observation, it is clear that dexamethasone inhibited the enzymes activity of CAT and SOD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Aspirin against Dexamethasone-Induced Cataract in Cultured Rat Lens

Zhang

Wang²,

Liu³

et al. 2006

Ophthalmic Res

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Purpose: To investigate the effect of aspirin on dexamethasone-induced cataract formation in cultured rat lenses. Methods: One hundred and forty-eight lenses were divided into 3 groups and cultured in vitro: control (DMEM), cataract (DMEM + 10 µM dexamethasone), aspirin (DMEM + 10 µM dexamethasone + 2 mM aspirin). Following incubation, the transparency of the lenses was evaluated daily using a dissecting microscope. Twelve lenses from each group were homogenized and the activities of enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and lactate dehydrogenase) from supernatants were measured after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of incubation, respectively. The ultrastructure of lenses from the control and cataract groups was observed on the completion of 7-day incubation. Results: Opacity was induced by dexamethasone in the nuclear region of the rat lenses. Lenses in the control group exhibited mist-like opacity and lenses in the cataract group showed dense nuclear opacity, whereas lenses in the aspirin-treated group only had a visible demarcation between nuclear and cortical regions at day 7. The activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and lactate dehydrogenase in the cataract group decreased in a time-dependent manner. There was no significant loss of enzyme activities in either the control or the aspirin group throughout the incubation period. An orderly arrangement of fiber cells was noted, and the cell membrane, cell junction and organelles were normal in the control group. However, in the cataract group the arrangement of fiber cells was untidy and the lenses contained abnormal-appearing cells. The group exhibited swollen mitochondria, a large number of vacuoles and expanded extracellular lacunae. Conclusions:Dexamethasone induces nuclear cataract in the organ-cultured rat lens by chemically modifying proteins, including enzymes. The enzymes, including those that normally eliminate radial oxygen species, could be especially vulnerable. Aspirin significantly inhibits dexamethasone-induced cataract formation by inhibiting inactivation of those enzymes.

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What causes steroid cataracts? A review of steroid‐induced posterior subcapsular cataracts

Jobling

Augusteyn

2002

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

152

104

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Prolonged use of glucocorticoids is a significant risk factor for the development of posterior subcapsular cataract. This places restrictions on the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of systemic and/or ocular inflammatory conditions as well as in organ transplantation.The mechanisms responsible for the opacification are unknown and no effective treatment, other than surgical removal of the lens, is available. Difficulties in establishing suitable in vivo or in vitro models have limited research in this area. Nevertheless, several mechanisms, based on observations with other types of cataracts, have been proposed. In this review, these mechanisms are evaluated in light of the evidence available.A novel mechanism is also proposed, in which steroids do not directly act on the lens but rather affect the balance of ocular cytokines and growth factors.

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Glucocorticoid-lnduced Cataract of the Developing Chick Embryo – Prevention by Propylene Glycol

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Anticataractogenic effect of betaine in chick embryo hydrocortisone-induced cataract model

Anticataractogenic effect of betaine in chick embryo hydrocortisone-induced cataract model

Protective Effect of Aspirin against Dexamethasone-Induced Cataract in Cultured Rat Lens

What causes steroid cataracts? A review of steroid‐induced posterior subcapsular cataracts

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