Glucocorticoid receptor isoforms in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 and SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cells: Presence of glucocorticoid receptor alpha in mitochondria and of glucocorticoid receptor beta in nucleoli

Psarra, Anna‐Maria G.; Solakidi, Sylvia; Trougakos, Ioannis P.; Margaritis, Loukas H.; Spyrou, Giannis; Sékeris, Constantin E.

doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.06.015

Cited by 58 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Unfortunately, sensitivity to GC-induced apoptosis or expression of PTEN was never tested in these studies. Likewise, hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) and osteosarcoma cells (SaOS-2) have elevated expression of GR␤, which was found to be mostly located within the nucleoli (49,50).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucocorticoid Receptor β Stimulates Akt1 Growth Pathway by Attenuation of PTEN

Stechschulte

Wuescher

Marino

et al. 2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background:The glucocorticoid receptor ␤ (GR␤) is a positive regulator of growth. Results: GR␤ suppression of PTEN resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of Akt and growth. Conclusion: GR␤ enhances insulin-induced proliferation by suppressing PTEN and activating Akt1. Significance: GR␤ suppression of PTEN indicates that it has an important role in growth factor signaling and potentially cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucocorticoid Receptor β Stimulates Akt1 Growth Pathway by Attenuation of PTEN

Stechschulte

Wuescher

Marino

et al. 2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Many earlier studies have described a range of unidentified bands in this size range in a number of human cell lines and non-brain rodent tissues. 9,66,67 If the 67-kDa isoform arises from an uncharacterized translation start site, this variant may be missing a component of the AF1 transactivation domain, potentially affecting its ability to activate target gene transcription. Alternatively, of the other characterized GRa isoforms (including GR-A, GRb, Dynamic changes in GR across human cortical development D Sinclair et al GR-P, GRg and GRD313-338), only GR-A is truncated but retains exon 9a, which contains the epitope targeted by the anti-GRa antibody in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic molecular and anatomical changes in the glucocorticoid receptor in human cortical development

et al. 2010

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The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has a critical role in determining the brain's capacity to respond to stress, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric illness. We hypothesized that key changes in cortical GR occur during adolescence and young adulthood, at a time when individuals are at increased risk of developing schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression. We investigated the mRNA and protein expression of GR in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex across seven developmental time points from infancy to adulthood. GR mRNA expression, determined by microarray and quantitative real-time PCR, was lowest in neonates and peaked around young adulthood. Western blotting revealed two dynamic patterns of GRa protein expression across the lifespan, with N-terminal variants displaying differing unique patterns of abundance. GRa-A and a 67-kDa GRa isoform mirrored mRNA trends and peaked in toddlers and late in adolescence, whereas a 40-kDa isoform, very likely a GRa-D variant, peaked in neonates and decreased across the lifespan. GRa protein was localized to pyramidal neurons throughout life and most strikingly in young adulthood, but to white matter astrocytes only in neonates and infants ( < 130 days). These results suggest that the neonatal and late adolescent periods represent critical windows of stress pathway development, and highlight the importance of white matter astrocytes and pyramidal neurons, respectively, at these stages of cortical development. Evidence of dynamic patterns of GR isoform expression and cellular localization across development strengthens the hypothesis that windows of vulnerability to stress exist across human cortical development.

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“…Bradford protein determination (Bradford, 1976), cell extracts were electrophoresed in discontinuous SDS-PAGE and Western blotted with specific antibodies against GR, β-actin, PEPCK, Bcl-2, caspase 3 and caspase 9 as previously described (Psarra et al, 2005). β-actin expression levels were evaluated for the normalization of the PEPCK, GR, Bcl-2, procaspases -3 and -9 expression levels.…”

Section: Electrophoresis and Western Blottingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, it can interact with other transcription factors to affect gene expression indirectly (Kassel and Herrlich, 2007). The localization of glucococorticoid receptor in mitochondria and its implication in the regulation of mitochondrial functions has also been documented (Psarra et al, 2005;Sionov et al, 2006;Sekeris, 2009a, 2011;Psarra et al, 2009b, Du et al, 2009). In addition, binding of GCs to membrane GR can also trigger GCs' non-genomic actions (Borski, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The triterpene echinocystic acid and its 3-O-glucoside derivative are revealed as potent and selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists

Georgatza

Gorgogietas

Kylindri

et al. 2016

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology

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. (2016) The triterpene echinocystic acid and its 3Oglucoside derivative are revealed as potent and selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 79 . pp. 277287. ISSN 13572725 It is advisable to refer to the publisher's version if you intend to cite from the work.http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.biocel.2016.08.028 For more information about UCLan's research in this area go to http://www.uclan.ac.uk/researchgroups/ and search for .

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Glucocorticoid receptor isoforms in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 and SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cells: Presence of glucocorticoid receptor alpha in mitochondria and of glucocorticoid receptor beta in nucleoli

Cited by 58 publications

References 63 publications

Glucocorticoid Receptor β Stimulates Akt1 Growth Pathway by Attenuation of PTEN

Glucocorticoid Receptor β Stimulates Akt1 Growth Pathway by Attenuation of PTEN

Dynamic molecular and anatomical changes in the glucocorticoid receptor in human cortical development

The triterpene echinocystic acid and its 3-O-glucoside derivative are revealed as potent and selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists

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