Glucose and insulin dynamics associated with continuous rate infusion of dextrose solution or dextrose solution and insulin in healthy and endotoxin-exposed horses

Han, Janet; McKenzie, Harold C.; McCutcheon, L. J.; Geor, Raymond J.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.72.4.522

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In people the plasma insulin response to sustained hyperglycemia of 120 minutes is biphasic with an early burst of insulin followed by a more gradual increase . There is evidence that horses differ in the production of endogenous insulin and the metabolism of glucose in response to a glucose challenge . In this present study, insulin sampling frequency was too low to classify changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

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Assessment of acute moderate hyperglycemia on traditional and thromboelastometry coagulation parameters in healthy adult horses

McGovern¹,

Lascola²,

Smith

et al. 2012

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…In this present study, insulin sampling frequency was too low to classify changes. The magnitude of change in insulin at 3 and 6 hours was similar to that reported previously for healthy horses receiving 20% dextrose over 6 hours at a constant rate of 20.4 mmol/kg/h [367.6 mg/kg/h] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of acute moderate hyperglycemia on traditional and thromboelastometry coagulation parameters in healthy adult horses

McGovern¹,

Lascola²,

Smith

et al. 2012

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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“…10 In addition, horses treated with LPS (35 ng/kg) 24 hours before dextrose and insulin CRI were noted to have higher plasma insulin concentrations at every time-point over a 6-hour period compared with horses that received the same dextrose and insulin CRI without LPS. 39 In summary, experimentally induced endotoxemia and concurrent moderate hyperglycemia were associated with subtle alterations in hemostatic parameters. As reported previously, experimentally induced endotoxemia alone caused alterations in the coagulation cascade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Insulin sensitivity in horses was decreased for 24 hours after administration of endotoxin at a dosage of 20 ng/kg . In addition, horses treated with LPS (35 ng/kg) 24 hours before dextrose and insulin CRI were noted to have higher plasma insulin concentrations at every time‐point over a 6‐hour period compared with horses that received the same dextrose and insulin CRI without LPS …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Hyperglycemia and Endotoxemia on Coagulation Parameters in Healthy Adult Horses

McGovern

Lascola

Smith

et al. 2013

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Hyperglycemia and endotoxemia have been associated with coagulation abnormalities in horses. Studies in humans suggest greater disturbances in coagulation with hyperglycemia and concurrent endotoxemia.Objectives: To compare coagulation parameters in horses administered with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with and without concurrent hyperglycemia.Animals: Twelve healthy adult horses. Methods: Hyperglycemia (180-240 mg/dL) was maintained for 6 hours in 6 horses (GLU-LPS) using 140 mg/kg IV bolus of dextrose followed by a 20% dextrose constant rate infusion. A similar volume of saline was administered to an additional 6 horses (SAL-LPS). LPS (20 ng/kg) was administered to each horse. Fibrogen concentration, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin antithrombin concentration (TAT), and thromboelastometry were measured at baseline and after 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, and 22 hours. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine temporal changes.Results: Increases in PT (P = .001) and TAT (P = .027) were observed in the GLU-LPS group. Changes in thromboelastometry parameters including increased clot formation time (In-TEM, P = .006; Ex-TEM, P = .002) and decreased alpha angle (Ex-TEM, P = .04) and maximal clot firmness (Ex-TEM, P = .014) were observed in the SAL-LPS group. Differences between SAL-LPS and GLU-LPS groups were limited to increased maximal clot firmness (Ex-TEM) at 3, 6, and 22 hours (P < .001) in the SAL-LPS group.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Minor alterations in coagulation parameters identified for each group are most likely not clinically relevant. Observed differences between groups do not suggest that concurrent hyperglycemia and endotoxemia are associated with greater coagulation abnormalities in horses.

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“…The recommended starting CRI for regular insulin is 0.0025 to 0.01 IU/kg/h with steady increases every 2 to 4 h to 0.2 IU/kg/h, with even higher rates until normoglycemia is restored. 13,58,73,75,76 Lack of response to this approach is usually associated with a poor prognosis. It is important to monitor glucose concentrations closely to avoid hypoglycemia.…”

Section: Insulin Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy endocrine physiology, pathophysiology, and nutrition of the foal

Kinsella

Hostnik

Toribio

2022

javma

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Most homeostatic systems in the equine neonate should be functional during the transition from intra- to extrauterine life to ensure survival during this critical period. Endocrine maturation in the equine fetus occurs at different stages, with a majority taking place a few days prior to parturition and continuing after birth. Cortisol and thyroid hormones are good examples of endocrine and tissue interdependency. Cortisol promotes skeletal, respiratory, cardiovascular, thyroid gland, adrenomedullary, and pancreatic differentiation. Thyroid hormones are essential for cardiovascular, respiratory, neurologic, skeletal, adrenal, and pancreatic function. Hormonal imbalances at crucial stages of development or in response to disease can be detrimental to the newborn foal. Other endocrine factors, including growth hormone, glucagon, catecholamines, ghrelin, adipokines (adiponectin, leptin), and incretins, are equally important in energy homeostasis. This review provides information specific to nutrition and endocrine systems involved in energy homeostasis in foals, enhancing our understanding of equine neonatal physiology and pathophysiology and our ability to interpret clinical and laboratory findings, therefore improving therapies and prognosis.

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Glucose and insulin dynamics associated with continuous rate infusion of dextrose solution or dextrose solution and insulin in healthy and endotoxin-exposed horses

Abstract: Insulin infusion at a rate of 0.07 U/kg/h was found to be effective for the prevention of hyperglycemia when administered concurrently with dextrose solution. This rate was considered to be safe because horses did not become hypoglycemic during infusions of dextrose solution.

Cited by 11 publications

References 43 publications

Assessment of acute moderate hyperglycemia on traditional and thromboelastometry coagulation parameters in healthy adult horses

Assessment of acute moderate hyperglycemia on traditional and thromboelastometry coagulation parameters in healthy adult horses

The Effects of Hyperglycemia and Endotoxemia on Coagulation Parameters in Healthy Adult Horses

Energy endocrine physiology, pathophysiology, and nutrition of the foal

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