Glucose biosensor based on immobilization of glucose oxidase on a carbon paste electrode modified with microsphere‐attached l‐glycine

Abstract

In the present study, a novel biosensor that is sensitive to glucose was prepared using the microspheres modified with (4-formyl-3-methoxyphenoxymethyl)polystyrene (FMPS) with l-glycine. Polymeric microspheres having Schiff bases were prepared from FMPS using the glycine condensation method. Glucose oxidase enzyme was immobilized onto modified carbon paste electrode by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Oxidation of enzymatically produced H O (+0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl) was used for determination of glucose. Optimal temperature and pH were found as 50 °C and 8.0, respectively. The glucose biosensor showed a linear working range from 5.0 × 10 to 1.0 × 10 M, R = 0.999. Storage and operational stability of the biosensor were also investigated. The biosensor gave perfect reproducible results after 20 measurements with 3.3% relative standard deviation. It also had good storage stability.

Novel polymeric microspheres: Synthesis, enzyme immobilization, antimutagenic activity, and antimicrobial evaluation against pathogenic microorganisms

“…The optimum temperature values of the polymeric microspheres are also presented in Table . The enzyme activity is closely related to temperature activity . The optimum temperature was obtained at 30°C, for the free enzyme.…”

Biosensors and biomarkers for determining gestational diabetes mellitus and jaundice in children

“…Most of the electrochemical biosensors are based on nanomaterials to enhance the signal amplification process. Gold nanoparticle, carbon nanotube, zeolite, silica, aluminum, graphene, and metallic oxide are the common nanomaterials used in electrochemical sensors to improve the electric activities and help to identify the various diseases at earlier stages 28,46–49 . Metallic and nonmetallic nano‐ and microparticles have a great potential in biosensor development.…”

“…Gold nanoparticle, carbon nanotube, zeolite, silica, aluminum, graphene, and metallic oxide are the common nanomaterials used in electrochemical sensors to improve the electric activities and help to identify the various diseases at earlier stages. 28,[46][47][48][49] biomarkers. In particular, nanomaterial-modified electrode surface exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the process of glucose oxidation, which improves the detection strategy of glucose quantification.…”

Photosystem I integrated into mesoporous microspheres has enhanced stability and photoactivity in biohybrid solar cells

“…Yet, PSI as a membrane protein-pigment complex is susceptible to degradation under unfavorable conditions and is unable to withstand freeze-thaw cycles or lyophilization without aggregation and/or loss of activity. Furthermore, the relatively small size of PSI and other membrane proteins are hindrances for ease of handling for biotechnology applications, and the ability to generate larger superstructures such as microspheres will allow for greater ease of handling and manipulation, such as addition or removal from reaction vessels, microfluidics devices, or novel electrode architectures [ [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] ]. However, many researchers in this field have focused on studying novel electrode materials and architectures including mesoporous inverse opal configurations to improve device performance and outputs [ 37 ].…”