Glucose hydrolysis and oxidation in supercritical water

Holgate, H. Richard; Meyer, Jerry C.; Tester, Jefferson W.

doi:10.1002/aic.690410320

Cited by 159 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…They found that the bio-oil products were mainly composed of aromatic hydrocarbons, carbonyl group, alkenes, nitrogenous compounds, carboxylic acids, phenol, and their derivatives. As demonstrated in many previous studies, the WSO from biomass in a liquefaction process consists of carbohydrates, acetic acids, pyran derivatives, and aldehydes -mainly the decomposition products from the cellulose and hemicelluloses (Holgate et al 1995;Jakab et al 1997). In this study, the WSO comprises a very complex mixture of organic compounds of 6 to 12 carbons.…”

Section: Gc-ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Characterizations of Liquefaction of Celluloses in Sub- and Super-Critical Ethanol

Zheng¹,

Tao²,

Xie³

2012

BioResources

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Effects of reaction conditions (temperature, retention time, and cellulose/ ethanol ratio) on biomass liquefaction in sub-and super-critical ethanol were investigated in this work. The liquefaction system was divided into the following fractions: a volatile organic compounds fraction, a gas fraction, a heavy oil fraction, a water-soluble oil fraction, and a solid residue fraction. Results showed that for three samples, the SR yield of microcrystalline cellulose was highest compared with corn stalk cellulose and rice straw cellulose at the same temperature, while the HO yield was lowest in the liquefaction process. At the same retention time in supercritical ethanol, the SR yield of microcrystalline cellulose was highest, suggesting that the microcrystalline cellulose was difficult to liquefy. The effect of different samples on liquefaction in ethanol with various cellulose/ethanol ratios can be clearly seen from the distribution yields. The FT-IR analysis of the solid residues showed that the structure of celluloses changed after liquefaction. The GC-MS analysis showed that the volatile organic compounds, water-soluble oil, and heavy oil comprised a mixture of organic compounds, which mainly included furfural, acids, furans, esters, and their derivatives. XRD analysis revealed that the decomposing reaction primarily occurred within amorphous zones of the celluloses at the low temperatures. Keywords: Liquefaction; Cellulose; FT-IR; XRD; GC-MS INTRODUCTONThe demand for energy has been increasing dramatically due to the rapid increase in the world's population and developing technologies. Meanwhile the current energy resources have limited reserves and are decreasing (Ozcimen and Karaosmanoglu 2004). Today, biomass is considered a renewable resource with high potential for energy production. Biomass can be converted to various forms of energy through numerous thermo-chemical conversion processes, depending upon the type of energy desired (Yanik et al. 2007).Among the many thermo-chemical procedures, biomass liquefaction into liquid fuel is a promising one, during which the common products are gas, liquid, and char. Liquefaction has many advantages such as, (1) The presence of solvent dilutes the concentration of the products, thus tending to minimize cross-linked reactions and reverse reactions, and (2) The processing temperature is relatively low (less energy consumption) in comparison with other thermo-chemical processes (such as pyrolysis and gasification) (Liu and Zhang 2008). Some articles have reported on the liquefaction of biomass; the presence of solvents has been shown to effectively lower the viscosity of heavy oil derived from biomass liquefaction (Demirbas 2000).

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Section: Gc-ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Characterizations of Liquefaction of Celluloses in Sub- and Super-Critical Ethanol

Zheng¹,

Tao²,

Xie³

2012

BioResources

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“…Complete gasification was obtained for glucose concentrations lower than 0.1 M at 600°C and 34 MPa for t s = 30 s. Major products formed in the liquid phase and in the gas phase were identified in hydrolysis as in oxidation [100]. With the use of an oxidant, at only 470°C and 25 MPa for t s = 8 s and for the same concentration range, the COD reduction is of 99.5% with no CO product [94].…”

Section: Model Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several teams have worked on kinetics and degradation mechanisms, for specific reactions with model compounds. Many model molecules have been studied, such as carbon monoxide, methanol, ethanol and ammonia [93,94,95], p-chlorophenol [96], acetic acid and 2,4 dichlorophenol [97], phenol [98] and sugars and cellulose [94,99,100]. The organic and oxidant orders of the global reaction and the activation energy have been determined.…”

Section: Model Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Aspects of Supercritical Fluids Processing: Applications of Polymers and Wastes Treatment

Cansell

Rey

Beslin

1998

Rev. Inst. Fr. Pét.

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La mise en Ïuvre des fluides supercritiques est d'un intŽr•t croissant dans de nombreux domaines : pour la sŽparation (sŽparation et purification en pŽtrochimie, industrie alimentaire) et la chromatographie par fluides supercritiques (sŽparation analytique et prŽ-paratoire, dŽtermination des propriŽtŽs physicochimiques), comme milieux rŽactifs aux propriŽtŽs continžment ajustables allant du gaz au liquide (polyŽthyl•ne de faible densitŽ, Žlimination des dŽchets, recyclage des polym•res), en gŽologie et en minŽralogie (volcanologie, Žnergie gŽothermique, synth•se hydrothermique), dans la formation des particules, fibres et substrats (produits pharmaceutiques, explosifs, rev•tements), pour le sŽchage des matŽriaux (gels).Cet article prŽsente les propriŽtŽs physicochimiques exceptionnelles des fluides supercritiques en rapport avec leurs applications en ingŽnierie. Apr•s un bref rappel des concepts fondamentaux relatifs au comportement critique des fluides purs, nous dŽvelop-pons d'une mani•re plus dŽtaillŽe les propriŽtŽs physicochimiques ajustables des fluides dans le domaine supercritique. La deuxi•me partie de lÕarticle dŽcrit les applications en ingŽnierie des fluides supercritiques relatives aux rŽactions chimiques et au traitement des polym•res. Chaque prŽsentation d'application est divisŽe en deux parties : la premi•re rappelle les concepts de base et le contexte gŽnŽral ainsi que les propriŽtŽs physicochimiques, la seconde dŽveloppe les applications en ingŽnierie se rapportant au domaine concernŽ. THERMODYNAMIC ASPECTS OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS PROCESSING: APPLICATIONS TO POLYMERS AND WASTES TREATMENTSupercritical fluid processes are of increasing interest for many fields: in supercritical fluid separation (petroleum-chemistry separation and purification, food industry) and supercritical fluid chromatography (analytical and preparative separation, determination of physicochemical properties); as reaction media with continuously adjustable properties from gas to liquid (lowdensity polyethylene, waste destruction, polymer recycling); in This paper presents the unusual physicochemical properties of supercritical fluids in relation to their engineering applications. After a short report of fundamental concepts of critical behavior in pure fluids, we develop in more details the tunable physicochemical properties of fluid in the supercritical domain. The second part of this paper describes the engineering applications of supercritical fluids relevant of chemical reactions and polymer processing. Each application presentation is divided in two parts: the first one recalls the basic concepts including general background, physicochemical properties and the second one develops the engineering applications relevant of the advocated domain. ASPECTOS TERMODINçMICOS DEL TRATAMIENTO DE LOS FLUIDOS SUPERCRêTICOS : APLICACIONES PARA LOS TRATAMIENTOS DE LOS POLêMEROS Y DE LOS RESIDUOSLa implementaci-n de los fluidos supercr'ticos presenta un interŽs cada vez mayor en numerosos campos : para la separaci-n (separaci-n y purific...

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“…A mass transfer model was developed for the water-gas shift reaction. Finally, a global model for the supercritical water pyrolysis process was developed and the model was calibrated using the glucose pyrolysis date from the studies by Holgate et al (1995).…”

Section: (Usa)mentioning

confidence: 99%