Glucose Level Estimation in Diabetes Mellitus By Saliva: A Bloodless Revolution

Kadashetti, Vidya; Baad, Rajendra; Malik, Neelima; Shivakumar, K.; Vibhute, Nupura; Belgaumi, Uzma; Gugawad, Sushma; Pramod, R

doi:10.1515/rjim-2015-0032

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Type 2 diabetics had significantly higher USWG/RCBG levels than the controls, a fact which has been documented in previous studies. [513141516171819] The correlation between RCBG and UWSG could plausibly be because of leakage of glucose from blood across the basement membrane of salivary glands. Microvascular alterations in the blood vessels that are commonly seen in type 2 diabetics could also contribute to increased salivary glucose levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between salivary glucose and blood glucose and the implications of salivary factors on the oral health status in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Puttaswamy

Puttabudhi

Raju

2017

J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent

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Aims and Objectives:The purpose of this study was to estimate and assess any correlation between random capillary blood glucose (RCBG) and unstimulated whole salivary glucose (UWSG), as well as to estimate various salivary parameters, such as flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, and the influence of these factors on the oral health status in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Materials and Methods:Sixty individuals suffering from type 2 DM and 40 healthy individuals in the age group of 30–60 years were included in the study. RCBG was estimated using glucometer and UWSG was estimated using photocolorimeter. Salivary parameters such as flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity were assessed using GC® Saliva kit. Oral health status was recorded using the Russell's periodontal index (RPI) and the Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16 was used for statistical analysis.Results:Type 2 diabetics had higher mean values for RCBG levels and UWSG. Type 2 diabetics had low mean salivary flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity. Type 2 diabetics had higher mean values for RPI.Conclusion:Among the salivary factors studied, salivary glucose significantly influenced the periodontal status in Type 2 diabetics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between salivary glucose and blood glucose and the implications of salivary factors on the oral health status in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Puttaswamy

Puttabudhi

Raju

2017

J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent

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“…Salivary biomarkers have been recently explored as a useful screening tool in patients diagnosed with metabolic disorders such as obesity 116 or diabetes mellitus. 86,[117][118][119] Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and it is one of the most important health problems faced by the humankind today. It leads to morphological changes in the salivary glands and in the composition of saliva.…”

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confidence: 99%

Saliva diagnostics – Current views and directions

Kaczor‐Urbanowicz

Carreras‐Presas

Aro

et al. 2016

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

358

271

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The purpose of this mini-review is to make an update about the present and future applications of saliva as a diagnostic biofluid in many fields of science such as dentistry, medicine and pharmacotherapy. Using saliva as a fluid for diagnostic purposes would be a huge breakthrough for both patients and healthcare providers since saliva collection is easy, non-invasive and inexpensive. We will go through the current main diagnostic applications of saliva, and provide a highlight on the emerging, newly developing technologies and tools for cancer screening, detection and monitoring. AbstractIn this review, we provide an update on the current and future applications of saliva for diagnostic purposes. There are many advantages of using saliva as a biofluid. Its collection is fast, easy, inexpensive, and non-invasive. In addition, saliva, as a ''mirror of the body,'' can reflect the physiological and pathological state of the body. Therefore, it serves as a diagnostic and monitoring tool in many fields of science such as medicine, dentistry, and pharmacotherapy. Introduced in 2008, the term ''Salivaomics'' aimed to highlight the rapid development of knowledge about various ''omics'' constituents of saliva, including: proteome, transcriptome, micro-RNA, metabolome, and microbiome. In the last few years, researchers have developed new technologies and validated a wide range of salivary biomarkers that will soon make the use of saliva a clinical reality. However, a great need still exists for convenient and accurate point-of-care devices that can serve as a non-invasive diagnostic tool. In addition, there is an urgent need to decipher the scientific rationale and mechanisms that convey systemic diseases to saliva. Another promising technology called liquid biopsy enables detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and fragments of tumor DNA in saliva, thus enabling non-invasive early detection of various cancers. The newly developed technology-electric field-induced release and measurement (EFIRM) provides near perfect detection of actionable mutations in lung cancer patients. These recent advances widened the salivary diagnostic approach from the oral cavity to the whole physiological system, and thus point towards a promising future of salivary diagnostics for personalized individual medicine applications including clinical decisions and post-treatment outcome predictions.

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“…Development of a non-invasive method for the regular monitoring of glucose and HbA1c levels are of primary importance as the conventional diagnosis and monitoring methods using venipuncture induces psychological stress in the patients 21 . Saliva is now being considered as one of the alternative samples for the blood since the collection of saliva is easier, non-invasive and economical 22 . Studies have shown the presence of glucose in both serum and saliva of diabetic individuals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2019

IJPSR

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Diabetes is a non-communicable disease characterized by increased blood glucose. As regular monitoring of glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in diabetic individual's blood causes psychological stress, development of a non-invasive technique to quantify glucose and HbA1c are essential. This study was carried out to compare and correlate the blood and salivary glucose and blood HbA1c levels in diabetic individuals. Results showed that mean blood and saliva glucose levels were higher in the uncontrolled diabetic group than controlled diabetic and control groups. Blood HbA1c level was also elevated in uncontrolled type-2 diabetes (T2D) group, followed by controlled diabetic and control groups. A significant difference was noticed between the blood and saliva glucose levels of control and uncontrolled T2D groups. Further, the difference in serum HbA1C levels between control, controlled T2D, and uncontrolled T2D groups was also significant. Taken together, these results explicated the use of saliva as a non-invasive, painless technique in the management of T2D patients.

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Glucose Level Estimation in Diabetes Mellitus By Saliva: A Bloodless Revolution

Abstract: The present study found that estimation of salivary glucose levels can be used as a noninvasive, painless technique for the measurement of diabetic status of a patient in a dental set up.

Cited by 30 publications

References 16 publications

Correlation between salivary glucose and blood glucose and the implications of salivary factors on the oral health status in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Correlation between salivary glucose and blood glucose and the implications of salivary factors on the oral health status in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Saliva diagnostics – Current views and directions

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