Glucose turnover and intima media thickness of internal carotid artery in type 2 diabetes offspring

Anderwald, Christian; Nowotny, Peter; Anderwald-Stadler, Marietta; Krebs, Michael; Bischof, Martin; Kozàkovà, M.; Luger, Anton; Pacini, Giovanni; Roden, Michael; Waldhäusl, W.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.01932.x

Cited by 24 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Endogenous glucose production was not measured during the clamp test, thus insulin-mediated suppression of endogenous glucose production could not be determined. However, in a previous study we could not find differences in endogenous glucose production between participants with and without family history of diabetes during an isoglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp test [25].…”

Section: Insulin Sensitivitycontrasting

confidence: 59%

Beta cell (dys)function in non-diabetic offspring of diabetic patients

et al. 2009

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Aims/hypothesis The first-degree offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes are prone to develop type 2 diabetes, and have both insulin resistance and beta cell impairment. However, it is still unclear whether both pathophysiological features are inseparably combined and which is the outstanding determinant in the offspring. Methods Glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity (calculated as M value divided by insulin [M/I]) and beta cell function were studied in the offspring of individuals with type 2 diabetes (n=187; 57% females; age 43.8±8.1 years; BMI 26.8±4.5 kg/m 2 ) and in individuals without a family history of type 2 diabetes (controls, n=519, 55% females; age 43.4± 8.2 years; BMI 26.4± 3.7 kg/m 2 , no significant differences between the groups for any characteristic) by performance of 75 g OGTT and 2 h hyperinsulinaemic (40 mU min −1 m −2 )-isoglycaemic clamp tests. Beta cell function was evaluated by calculating insulinogenic index (IGI) from C-peptide AUC:glucose AUC ratios from the first hour of OGTT (IGI[60 min]) and from the total OGTT (IGI[120 min]). Results During the OGTT, the offspring of individuals with type 2 diabetes showed 4-14% higher plasma glucose from 30 to 120 min (p<0.05) and 20-29% higher serum insulin from 90 to 120 min, but decreased IGI(60 min) and IGI (120 min) (p<0.05). M/I was 11% lower in the offspring of affected individuals than in controls (p<0.01). To study the offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes with insulin sensitivity similar to that of the control group, the offspring of affected patients were divided into M/I quartiles. Those in the third M/I quartile showed M/I values and major anthropometric characteristics similar to those of the controls, but insulin AUC and C-peptide AUC values were lower in the first hour and the total OGTT (p<0.05). The third M/I quartile had lower IGI values at 60 min and 120 min: 11% and 14% lower, respectively (p<0.02). Conclusions/interpretation The first-degree offspring of type 2 diabetic patients show insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction in response to oral glucose challenge. Beta cell impairment exists in insulin-sensitive offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting beta cell dysfunction to be a major defect determining diabetes development in diabetic offspring.

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Section: Insulin Sensitivitycontrasting

confidence: 59%

Beta cell (dys)function in non-diabetic offspring of diabetic patients

et al. 2009

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“…These results were in contrasts with previous research from Anderwald et al [66] which pointed out that internal carotid artery intima-media thickness was 18% higher in T2D offspring than controls. Same results came from Ahmad et al [67] because they demonstrated a higher c-IMT in patients with first degree relatives suffering from T2D, but adjustment for confounding factors did not confirm the first findings.…”

Section: Vascular Walls Modifications In Subjects With Family Historycontrasting

confidence: 56%

Endothelial Function in Pre-diabetes, Diabetes and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A Review

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Cameli³

et al. 2014

J Diabetes Metab

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Diabetes mellitus worsens cardiovascular risk profile of affected individuals. Its worldwide increasing prevalence and its negative influences on vascular walls morphology and function are able to induce the expression of several morbidities which worsen the clinical conditions of the patients getting them running towards a reduced survival curve.Although overt diabetes increases the mortality rate of individuals due to its pathogenesis, poor information are in literature about the role of pre-diabetes and family history of diabetes mellitus in the outcome of general population.This emphasizes the importance of early detection of vascular impairment in subjects at risk of developing diabetes.The identification of early stages of atherosclerotic diseases in diabetic persons is a fundamental step in the risk stratification protocols followed-up by physicians in order to have a complete overview about the clinical status of such individuals. Common carotid intima-media thickness, flow-mediated vasodilatation, pulse wave velocity are instrumental tools able to detect the early impairment in cardiovascular system and stratify cardiovascular risk of individuals.The aim of this review is to get a general perspective on the complex relationship between cardiovascular diseases onset, pre-diabetes and family history of diabetes. Furthermore, it points out the influence of diabetes on heart function till the expression of the so-called diabetic cardiomyopathy.

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“…The euglycemic clamp glucose target was determined from the mean value of 3 fasting plasma glucose measurements. The glucose clamp target was set to 80 mg/dL (4.44 mmol/L) in case of a value above 80 mg/dL, and in case of a value above 100 mg/dL (5.55 mmol/L) the clamp goal was 100 mg/dL (15)(16). The Beta-JUDO clamp protocol was adapted to the RISC study.…”

Section: Hyperinsulinemic Clamp Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification and Validation of the Triglyceride-to–HDL Cholesterol Ratio as a Surrogate of Insulin Sensitivity in White Juveniles and Adults without Diabetes Mellitus: The Single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE)

et al. 2016

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BACKGROUND The triglyceride-to–HDL cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio was introduced as a tool to estimate insulin resistance, because circulating lipid measurements are available in routine settings. Insulin, C-peptide, and free fatty acids are components of other insulin-sensitivity indices but their measurement is expensive. Easier and more affordable tools are of interest for both pediatric and adult patients. METHODS Study participants from the Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Disease [43.9 (8.3) years, n = 1260] as well as the Beta-Cell Function in Juvenile Diabetes and Obesity study cohorts [15 (1.9) years, n = 29] underwent oral-glucose-tolerance tests and euglycemic clamp tests for estimation of whole-body insulin sensitivity and calculation of insulin sensitivity indices. To refine the TG/HDL ratio, mathematical modeling was applied including body mass index (BMI), fasting TG, and HDL cholesterol and compared to the clamp-derived M-value as an estimate of insulin sensitivity. Each modeling result was scored by identifying insulin resistance and correlation coefficient. The Single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE) was compared to traditional insulin sensitivity indices using area under the ROC curve (aROC) analysis and χ2 test. RESULTS The novel formula for SPISE was computed as follows: SPISE = 600 × HDL-C0.185/(TG0.2 × BMI1.338), with fasting HDL-C (mg/dL), fasting TG concentrations (mg/dL), and BMI (kg/m2). A cutoff value of 6.61 corresponds to an M-value smaller than 4.7 mg · kg−1 · min−1 (aROC, M:0.797). SPISE showed a significantly better aROC than the TG/HDL-C ratio. SPISE aROC was comparable to the Matsuda ISI (insulin sensitivity index) and equal to the QUICKI (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index) and HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance) when calculated with M-values. CONCLUSIONS The SPISE seems well suited to surrogate whole-body insulin sensitivity from inexpensive fasting single-point blood draw and BMI in white adolescents and adults.

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Glucose turnover and intima media thickness of internal carotid artery in type 2 diabetes offspring

Abstract: The data obtained show middle-aged T2DM-OFF with normal glucose tolerance displaying reduced total insulin sensitivity and impaired beta cell function, which relates to impaired insulin-dependent suppression of plasma FFA and increased ICA-IMT.

Cited by 24 publications

References 51 publications

Beta cell (dys)function in non-diabetic offspring of diabetic patients

Beta cell (dys)function in non-diabetic offspring of diabetic patients

Endothelial Function in Pre-diabetes, Diabetes and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A Review

Modification and Validation of the Triglyceride-to–HDL Cholesterol Ratio as a Surrogate of Insulin Sensitivity in White Juveniles and Adults without Diabetes Mellitus: The Single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE)

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