Glutamate - A multifaceted molecule: Endogenous neurotransmitter, controversial food additive, design compound for anti-cancer drugs. A critical appraisal

Moldovan, Octavia-Laura; Rusu, Aura; Tănase, Corneliu; Vari, Camil-Eugen

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2021.112290

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 161 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In tumor cells, in addition to participating in GSH metabolism, L-glutamic acid also serves as a nitrogen source in cancer cells alongside L-glutamine [ 56 ]. An intriguing fact about L-glutamic acid is that all of its derivatives have the potential to be used therapeutically, and they all behave in a way that is completely different from how L-glutamic acid causes tumorigenesis [ 55 , 61 ]. As a result, L-glutamic acid, its conjugated derivatives, and glutathione metabolism have suddenly become the target of cancer-related research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antileukemic Activity of hsa-miR-203a-5p by Limiting Glutathione Metabolism in Imatinib-Resistant K562 Cells

Singh

Yadav

Verma

et al. 2022

CIMB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Imatinib has been the first and most successful tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but many patients develop resistance to it after a satisfactory response. Glutathione (GSH) metabolism is thought to be one of the factors causing the emergence of imatinib resistance. Since hsa-miR-203a-5p was found to downregulate Bcr-Abl1 oncogene and also a link between this oncogene and GSH metabolism is reported, the present study aimed to investigate whether hsa-miR-203a-5p could overcome imatinib resistance by targeting GSH metabolism in imatinib-resistant CML cells. After the development of imatinib-resistant K562 (IR-K562) cells by gradually exposing K562 (C) cells to increasing doses of imatinib, resistant cells were transfected with hsa-miR-203a-5p (R+203). Thereafter, cell lysates from various K562 cell sets (imatinib-sensitive, imatinib-resistant, and miR-transfected imatinib-resistant K562 cells) were used for GC-MS-based metabolic profiling. L-alanine, 5-oxoproline (also known as pyroglutamic acid), L-glutamic acid, glycine, and phosphoric acid (Pi)—five metabolites from our data, matched with the enumerated 28 metabolites of the MetaboAnalyst 5.0 for the GSH metabolism. All of these metabolites were present in higher concentrations in IR-K562 cells, but intriguingly, they were all reduced in R+203 and equated to imatinib-sensitive K562 cells (C). Concludingly, the identified metabolites associated with GSH metabolism could be used as diagnostic markers.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antileukemic Activity of hsa-miR-203a-5p by Limiting Glutathione Metabolism in Imatinib-Resistant K562 Cells

Singh

Yadav

Verma

et al. 2022

CIMB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…MSG mice are a type of model in which MSG is administered to suckling mice just after birth, which in turn develop metabolic syndrome in adulthood ( 18 ). The principle of this model is that MSG is continuously administered to mice before the blood–brain barrier is closed, and it is metabolized in vivo to glutamate, which is one of the important neurotransmitters in the body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Mouse Model With Unique Diabetic Retinal Neuropathy Features and Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Quantitative Evaluation

Liu

Huang²,

Sun

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveTo establish an artificial intelligence-based method to quantitatively evaluate subtle pathological changes in retinal nerve cells and synapses in monosodium glutamate (MSG) mice and provide an effective animal model and technique for quantitative evaluation of retinal neurocytopathies.MethodsICR mice were subcutaneously injected with MSG to establish a model of metabolic syndrome. We then established a mouse model of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and KKAy mouse model as control. The HE sections of the retina were visualized using an optical microscope. AI technology was used for quantitative evaluation of the retinal lesions in each group of rats. The surface area custom parameters of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), and outer plexiform layer (OPL) were defined as SR, SIPL, SINL, and SOPL, respectively. Their heights were defined as HR, HIPL, HINL, and HOPL, and the number of ganglion cells was defined as A. Then, the attention-augmented fully convolutional Unet network was used to segment the retinal HE images, and AI technology to identify retinal neurocytopathies quantitatively.ResultsThe attention-augmented fully convolutional Unet network increased PA and IOU parameters for INL, OPL, RNFL, and ganglion cells and was superior in recognizing fine structures. A quantitative AI identification of the height of each layer of the retina showed that the heights of the IPL and INL of the MSG model were significantly less than those of the control groups; the retinas of the other diabetic models did not exhibit this pathological feature. The RNFLs of type 2 diabetes were thinner, and the characteristics of retinopathy were not obvious in the other animal models. The pathological changes seen on HE images were consistent with the results of the quantitative AI evaluation. Immunohistochemistry results showed that NMDAR2A, GluR2, and NRG1 were significantly downregulated in the retina of MSG mice.ConclusionsThe MSG retinopathy model is closely associated with neurotransmitter abnormalities and exhibits important characteristics of retinal neurodegeneration, making it suitable for studying retinal neurocytopathies. The AI recognition technology for retinal images established in the present study can be used for the quantitative and objective evaluation of drug efficacy.

show abstract

“…Monosodium glutamate is one of the most popularly used taste enhancers in the food market, where its consumption has already been increasing, raising concerns about possible harmful effects. (Moldovan et al, 2021). The food and drug administration (FDA) certified it safe for restricted use and noted some potential adverse effects associated with greater MSG use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Niaz et al, 2018). Furthermore, MSG is a controversial substance in terms of its harmful consequences following long-term dosing (Moldovan et al, 2021). So, this work was designed to estimate the MSG in different meat products (chicken nuggets and burger and beef burger, sausage and kofta) sold in Egypt by using HPLC-UV/DAD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Monosodium glutamate in some meat products

Ayad

2022

Benha Veterinary Medical Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Monosodium glutamate is an excellent flavor enhancer that can be found in a variety of foods. Its determination is crucial because it is linked to the sanitary quality of food and human health. This study aimed to assess monosodium glutamate (MSG) levels in some meat products collected from local markets in Cairo, Egypt. Fifty random samples of meat products were estimated by the HPLC-ultraviolet/diode array method. In general, there was no significant variations in MSG levels between samples (P > 0.05). The highest mean ± SE of MSG concentration (mg/gm) was found in chicken nuggets (3.95 ± 0.51) than in chicken burgers (1.85 ± 0.28). At the same time, beef sausage samples were the highest (2.75 ± 1.05), followed by beef burger (1.73 ± 0.22), and finally beef kofta (1.47 ± 0.85) mg/gm. of MSG. Fortunately, current estimated MSG contents in the examined products were less than the permissible limits set by EOS. More attention and strict regulations to reduce the risk of health hazards of these additives with accumulative exposure. Authorities must work together to determine the appropriate and safe levels of MSG in humans.

show abstract

Glutamate - A multifaceted molecule: Endogenous neurotransmitter, controversial food additive, design compound for anti-cancer drugs. A critical appraisal

Cited by 27 publications

References 161 publications

Antileukemic Activity of hsa-miR-203a-5p by Limiting Glutathione Metabolism in Imatinib-Resistant K562 Cells

Antileukemic Activity of hsa-miR-203a-5p by Limiting Glutathione Metabolism in Imatinib-Resistant K562 Cells

Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Mouse Model With Unique Diabetic Retinal Neuropathy Features and Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Quantitative Evaluation

Assessment of Monosodium glutamate in some meat products

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About