Glutamine promotes intestinal SIgA secretion through intestinal microbiota and IL‐13

Abstract

Glutamine supplementation appears to enhance SIgA secretion in the mouse intestine through the intestinal microbiota and subsequently through T cell-dependent and T cell-independent pathways.

Glutamine-Induced Secretion of Intestinal Secretory Immunoglobulin A: A Mechanistic Perspective

“…Compelling evidence from well-designed investigations have shown that glutamine supplementation increases the abundance of SIgA in the intestine in various hosts, including rats (4, 5), mice (6, 7), Chinese Holstein calves (8), pigs (9), humans (10), and even broiler chickens (11). Similarly, we found that glutamine supplementation increases SIgA in the luminal contents of the jejunum and ileum, and the number of IgA + plasma cells in the ileum in mice (12). However, underlying mechanisms by which glutamine promotes the production of intestinal SIgA are unknown.…”

“…Collectively, glutamine regulation of production of intestinal SIgA may be mediated by the intestinal microbiota. Indeed, our recent study using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed that glutamine supplementation increases intestinal microbiota invasion into the wall of the ileum (12). Interestingly, disruption of the mouse intestinal microbiota with an antibiotic cocktail (37, 38) during glutamine supplementation abrogates the influence of glutamine supplementation on secretion of SIgA (12).…”

“…Indeed, our recent study using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed that glutamine supplementation increases intestinal microbiota invasion into the wall of the ileum (12). Interestingly, disruption of the mouse intestinal microbiota with an antibiotic cocktail (37, 38) during glutamine supplementation abrogates the influence of glutamine supplementation on secretion of SIgA (12). Similarly, in antibiotic cocktail treated mice, dietary glutamine supplementation for 7 days fails to enhance intestinal SIgA production (12).…”

“…However, underlying mechanisms by which glutamine promotes the production of intestinal SIgA are unknown. In our recent study, we found that dietary glutamine-mediated secretion of intestinal SIgA through effects on the intestinal microbiota, and T cell-dependent and T cell-independent pathways (12). In this review, we discuss the current evidence about underlying mechanisms whereby glutamine enhances production of intestinal SIgA.…”

Diet-Intestinal Microbiota Axis in Osteoarthritis: A Possible Role

“…The possible reason for nutrient-induced change of intestinal microbiota is that nutrient alters the microenvironment for intestinal microbiota, such as composition and metabolism of intestinal microbiota, and immune responses of host. Glutamine supplementation promotes mouse intestinal secretory IgA (SIgA) production and IgA + plasma cell numbers through T cell-dependent (e.g., IL-5, IL-6, and IL-13) and T cell-independent pathways [e.g., transforming growth factor (TGF- β ), a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), and B cell-activating factor (BAFF)] of SIgA induction, which are largely dependent on glutamine's effect on intestinal microbiota [30]. Dietary chitosan supplementation significantly shapes the intestinal microbiota in mouse model [31].…”