Glutathione loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: Preparation and in vitro evaluation as delivery systems of the antioxidant peptide to immunocompetent fish cells

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have not been used for peptide supply to fish cells. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential of SLN to deliver the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) to the primary cultures of head-kidney (HK) leucocytes of Sparus aurata L. METHODS: SLN were produced using the amphiphilic lipid Gelucire ® 50/13 according to the melt-emulsification method. In vitro stability and colorimetric studies for the antioxidant activity were carried out prior to biological assays on HK leucocytes. RESULTS: SLN sonicated in acidic medium were stable up to 3 months at 4 • C. A strong in vitro antioxidant activity effect for SLN was shown. The incubation of gilthead seabream HK leucocytes with GSH, GSSG or the sonicated and non-sonicated GSH-SLN (HAc) for 4 h had very few effects on HK cell activities. The phagocytic ability of HK leucocytes previously incubated with GSH was significantly increased in respect to the control cells. CONCLUSIONS:The technique of melt-emulsification provided particles with high association efficiency in GSH and even below 100 nm in size. However, no stimulant properties were observed after incubation of HK leucocytes with SLN and possible hypotheses explaining the observed findings are discussed.

Nanoparticle delivery of grape seed-derived proanthocyanidins to airway epithelial cells dampens oxidative stress and inflammation

“…Freshly prepared GSE-loaded SLN were evaluated for their particle stability at two different temperature conditions (4 and 37 °C) [ 18 ] by incubating the particles without any stirring. Precisely, at 4 °C solvent was double distilled water and particles were incubated up to 3 months.…”

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“…Kadari et al ( 61 ) found that angiopep-2-modified SLN was an excellently targeted drug delivery system for glioma therapy. SLN could be used to transport antioxidant glutathione (GSH) to immunocompetent fish cells, and the antioxidant activity of GSH in vitro is stable in the transport process ( 62 ).…”

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Administering Antioxidant Grape Seed-Derived Polyphenol Compounds: A Potential Application in Aquaculture

“…All pellets resulting from centrifugation were used for the following studies. Unloaded SLNs were prepared following the same procedure described above in (i) without any addition of any GSE to the aqueous phase [8,9,54].…”

“…Among the colloidal carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have been shown to have several benefits, including enhanced safety and stability, and controlled drug release, and can be prepared on a large scale according to scale-up industrial guidelines. In our laboratory, we have already investigated SLNs made of a single lipid, namely Gelucire ® 50/13, for uptake in fish cell lines in order to ascertain the possible immunological applications, and by ex vivo investigations, the biocompatibility of such a synthetic lipid was assessed [7][8][9]. From a chemical viewpoint, it could be assumed that using two or more lipids may be better than using only one.…”