Glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus among Bulgarian children and adolescents: the results from the first and the second national examination of HbA<sub>1c</sub>

Archinkova, Margarita; Константинова, М. М.; Savova, Radka; Iotova, Violeta; Petrova, Chayka; Kaleva, Narcis; Koprivarova, Kalinka; Popova, Galina; Koleva, Reni; Boyadzhiev, Veselin; Mladenov, Wilchelm

doi:10.1080/13102818.2017.1379360

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As a result, if increasing the age of children by one year, the patient is more likely to develop poor glycemic control. This finding was supported by studies conducted in Amhara region, Egypt, and Bulgaria, which showed that patients with poor control had a significantly higher mean age 2 , 17 , 37 . The possible reason is due to the fact that this study includes pediatric patients which also include adolescents and they are more prone to poor diabetic control because of pubertal stress or may not be safely follow their treatment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Poor glycemic control and associated factors among pediatric diabetes mellitus patients in northwest Ethiopia, 2020: facility-based cross sectional retrospective study design

Kidie

Ayal

Ayele

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Diabetes mellitus is a global public health problem. Glycemic control is a major public health problem. Diabetes results from elevated levels of glycaemia such as increased glucose and glycated hemoglobin, and controlling glycaemia is an integral component of the management of diabetes. Glycemic control in children is particularly difficult to achieve. Identifying determinants of poor glycemic control is important for early modification of diabetic related end organ damages. This study was aimed to assess the status of glycemic control and associated factors among pediatric diabetes mellitus patients in northwest Ethiopia. Facility-based cross sectional retrospective cohort study design was used and this study was conducted from September, 2015 to February, 2018. Simple random sampling was used to select 389 samples. Data were collected using an extraction checklist. Data were entered into Epi-data − 4.6, and analyzed using Stata-16. Finally, multivariable binary logistic regression was done. Poor glycemic control was more common among pediatric patients 39.3% (95% CI 34.6, 44.3). Treatment discontinuation (AOR 2.42, 95% CI 1.25, 4.69), age (AOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03, 1.28) and treatment dose (AOR 0.96, 95 CI 0.92, 0.99) were significantly associated with poor glycemic control. Prevalence of poor glycemic control was high. Patient’s age, history of treatment discontinuation and dose of treatment were the significant contributing factors to poor glycemic control. These need to be addressed to attain the objective of adequate glycemic control.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Poor glycemic control and associated factors among pediatric diabetes mellitus patients in northwest Ethiopia, 2020: facility-based cross sectional retrospective study design

Kidie

Ayal

Ayele

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…After the first evaluation in 2012, in which the HbA 1c median level of 8.93% § 1.98% was found rather unsatisfying, additional training for the patients and their parents was conducted the following years. In 2014, we performed a second study and found a significantly lower level of HbA 1c (8.42% § 1.69%) compared to that in 2012 (p < 0.001) [13]. Below, we analyse and discuss the impact of some of the examined social factors on the glycaemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 of diabetes mellitus.…”

Section: Descriptive Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Glycaemic control among Bulgarian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes – an impact of the social status and the educational level of the parents

Archinkova

Константинова

Savova

et al. 2018

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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Achievement of optimal glycaemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes depends on the knowledge of the patients and their parents about the control of the disease and the family support. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of the social standard of the families determined by the employment of the parents and their educational qualification on the control of diabetes. Two consecutive national multi-centre cross-sectional studies of patients with type 1 diabetes, aged 0-19 years, for HbA 1c were conducted in 2012 and in 2014. The first study included 829 patients (422 boys, 407 girls), and the second -498 patients; 281 patients participated in both studies. The patients whose parents are with primary education showed the highest level of HbA 1c in both studies: 9.73% § 2.38% and 9.27% § 1.54% in the first, and the second study, respectively. The patients whose parents have university education achieved the best control: HbA 1c is 8.45% § 1.76% and 7.84% § 1.24%, respectively. The cohorts of diabetic patients whose parents have secondary (p = 0.035) and university education (p < 0.001) showed significant reduction of HbA 1c in the second study compared to the first one. The patients in families with unemployed parents or families in which only the mother is employed showed the highest levels of HbA 1c . Our results underline the importance of the educational qualification and the social standard of the family for the proper control of this chronic disease.

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“…[ 3 ] Healthy women are known to have lower insulin sensitivity than healthy men, but this is physiologically compensated for by higher insulin secretion. [ 5 13 ] Hormonal changes may also have a role as girls reach puberty earlier than boys. [ 3 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mean glycosylated hemoglobin in children with type 1 diabetes at King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Alsaheel

Alayed

Alotaibi

et al. 2020

J Fam Community Med

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BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes is the third most common chronic disease among teenagers. In Saudi Arabia, there is a gap of knowledge regarding hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) concentration levels, and adherence to regular follow-up visits by patients. The aim of this study was to determine the mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in diabetic children who have been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and were being followed up at a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among all diabetic children treated at King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were retrieved and analysed during the period from September to December 2018. Diabetic patients of <18 years and who were being followed up at KFMC were included in the study. Data on age, sex, duration of illness, associated comorbidities, antidiabetic regimen, and HbA1c levels were obtained. Student t -test was used to compare quantitative parameters between two groups, and Chi-square employed to test for associations between categorical variables at 5% significance level. RESULTS: A total of 510 patients of were included in the study; about 53% were females. The mean HbA1c level was 10.6% and females showed higher HbA1c levels. Data showed a strong correlation between age and HbA1c levels ( P < 0.001), with older patients showing higher HbA1c levels. The HbA1c levels also increased as the duration of disease increased. The median number of patient visits to KFMC was two per year. No statistically significant differences were observeed for type of treatment for diabetes. Celiac disease, the most frequent comorbidity, was seen in 50% of patients. CONCLUSION: Diabetic children who were followed up at KFMC had high HbA1C level (10.6%), and lower than recommended follow-up visits per year. The treating physicians should educate patients and their legal guardians on the importance of follow-up visits and their role in controlling HbA1C levels, and following healthier lifestyle.

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Glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus among Bulgarian children and adolescents: the results from the first and the second national examination of HbA_1c

Abstract: View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 4 View citing articles ARTICLE; MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY Glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus among Bulgarian children and adolescents: the results from the first and the second national examination of HbA 1c

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Poor glycemic control and associated factors among pediatric diabetes mellitus patients in northwest Ethiopia, 2020: facility-based cross sectional retrospective study design

Poor glycemic control and associated factors among pediatric diabetes mellitus patients in northwest Ethiopia, 2020: facility-based cross sectional retrospective study design

Glycaemic control among Bulgarian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes – an impact of the social status and the educational level of the parents

Mean glycosylated hemoglobin in children with type 1 diabetes at King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus among Bulgarian children and adolescents: the results from the first and the second national examination of HbA1c

Abstract: View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 4 View citing articles ARTICLE; MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY Glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus among Bulgarian children and adolescents: the results from the first and the second national examination of HbA 1c

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Poor glycemic control and associated factors among pediatric diabetes mellitus patients in northwest Ethiopia, 2020: facility-based cross sectional retrospective study design

Poor glycemic control and associated factors among pediatric diabetes mellitus patients in northwest Ethiopia, 2020: facility-based cross sectional retrospective study design

Glycaemic control among Bulgarian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes – an impact of the social status and the educational level of the parents

Mean glycosylated hemoglobin in children with type 1 diabetes at King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus among Bulgarian children and adolescents: the results from the first and the second national examination of HbA_1c