Glyconanomaterials for biosensing applications

Abstract

Nanomaterials constitute a class of structures that have unique physiochemical properties and are excellent scaffolds for presenting carbohydrates, important biomolecules that mediate a wide variety of important biological events. The fabrication of carbohydrate-presenting nanomaterials, glyconanomaterials, is of high interest and utility, combining the features of nanoscale objects with biomolecular recognition. The structures can also produce strong multivalent effects, where the nanomaterial scaffold greatly enhances the relatively weak affinities of single carbohydrate ligands to the corresponding receptors, and effectively amplifies the carbohydrate-mediated interactions. Glyconanomaterials are thus an appealing platform for biosensing applications. In this review, we discuss the chemistry for conjugation of carbohydrates to nanomaterials, summarize strategies, and tabulate examples of applying glyconanomaterials in in vitro and in vivo sensing applications of proteins, microbes, and cells. The limitations and future perspectives of these emerging glyconanomaterials sensing systems are furthermore discussed.

Design of Engineered Cyclodextrin Derivatives for Spontaneous Coating of Highly Porous Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media

“…Nature uses a well-known strategy, named multivalent effect, to increase this low affinity by gathering multiple copies of sugars to achieve a global binding potency toward their receptors higher than that for the sum of the monovalent interactions [27]. Inspired by this natural approach, a vast number of structures decorated with multiple carbohydrate moieties have been tested as potential theranostic agents in biosensing and biomedicine [22,28,29].…”

Shape control of mesoporous silica nanomaterials templated with dual cationic surfactants and their antibacterial activities

“…7 MSNs are generally prepared from alkoxysilanes or silicates using a base or acid catalyst, and an organic surfactant or a block copolymer as the structure-directing template. 8 Recent work have shown that the particle shape plays a critical role in successfully realizing many of the aforementioned applications.…”

Glycan Nanobiosensors

“…This review does not extend to coverage of the formation and modification of self-assembled monolayers on NPs and bioconjugation techniques for glycan immobilization and controlling interfacial glycan density. The reader is directed towards an excellent review study [ 44 ] and a book chapter [ 43 ].…”