Glycopeptide susceptibility among Danish Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates of animal and human origin and PCR identification of genes within the VanA cluster

Aarestrup, Frank Møller; Ahrens, Peter; Madsen, Mogens; Pallesen, Lars; Poulsen, Rikke Lykke; Westh, Henrik

doi:10.1128/aac.40.8.1938

Cited by 153 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Furthermore, various pig strains were indistinguishable by AFLP from human strains. These data strongly suggest that, in the community, VREF strains in humans mainly originate from pigs in which a high level of glycopeptide resistance has been observed [2,11,15]. This idea is consistent with observations by others that humans and pigs may harbor VREF strains with identical PFGE types [17,26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Host Specificity of Vancomycin‐ResistantEnterococcus faecium

et al. 2000

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Amplified-fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was used to investigate the genetic relationships among 255 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) strains isolated from hospitalized patients, nonhospitalized persons, and various animal sources. Four major AFLP genogroups (A-D) were discriminated. The strains of each taxon shared >/=65% of the restriction fragments. Most isolates recovered from nonhospitalized persons (75%) were grouped together with all pig isolates in genogroup A. Most isolates from hospitalized patients (84%), a subset of veal calf isolates (25%), and all isolates from cats and dogs clustered in genogroup C. Most isolates from chickens (97%) and turkeys (86%) were grouped in genogroup B, whereas most veal calf isolates (70%) clustered in genogroup D. Therefore, VREF strains are predominantly host-specific, and strains isolated from hospitalized patients are genetically different from the prevailing VREF strains present in the fecal flora of nonhospitalized persons.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Host Specificity of Vancomycin‐ResistantEnterococcus faecium

et al. 2000

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“…Still, VANA isolates predominate in the United Kingdom [36]. In Belgium and The Netherlands, VANB isolates were infrequently found in some studies [11,37,38], whereas others [39][40][41][42] did not detect them. In contrast, VANB-associated outbreaks are frequently reported in the United States [43][44][45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of Glycopeptide‐Resistant Enterococci in Belgian Renal Dialysis Units

et al. 2000

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The molecular epidemiology of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (GRE) colonizing the intestinal tracts of Belgian renal dialysis patients was studied among 1318 patients of a population of 1800 dialysis patients from 29 dialysis centers. Of these, 185 patients (14.0%) were colonized with a VANA-positive GRE; GRE harboring the VANB gene were not detected. The majority of the VANA GRE (80.5%) were identified as Enterococcus faecium; 14.8% were identified as E. faecalis; and a limited number were identified as E. avium, E. casseliflavus, E. dispar, E. durans, or E. gallinarum. Genome analysis of 277 VANA-positive GRE by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed a high genetic variability both within the different dialysis centers and within the patients' own GRE flora. No high-level gentamicin-resistant VANA-positive GRE were detected, and most strains remained susceptible to ampicillin. These findings do not support a hospital-driven endemicity of VANA-positive enterococcal isolates in Belgium.

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“…Two of these 5 patients had isolates that were genotypically related to the patient's historical isolate (recovered 18 and 60 months previously), whereas the 3 other isolates appeared to be new to the respective patient (12,18, and 21 months later). Thus, 2 (9.5%) of 21 VRE-"cleared" patients had evidence suggestive of persistent colonization for up to 5 years, and an additional 3 (14.3%) of 21 VRE-"cleared" patients were colonized with a new strain of VRE.…”

Section: Study Bmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In Europe, VRE have been found in the food chain and colonizing a variety of domestic and farm animals [9][10][11][12]. In addition, healthy individuals who live in those communities may carry VRE in their gastrointestinal tract without ill effect [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

Prolonged Colonization with Vancomycin‐ResistantEnterococcus faeciumin Long‐Term Care Patients and the Significance of “Clearance”

Baden

Thiemke²,

Skolnik³

et al. 2001

CLIN INFECT DIS

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Little is known about the persistence of colonization with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) in the nononcologic, non-intensive care unit patient. We studied all patients who had VRE isolated on > or =2 occasions of > 1 year apart (Study A) and those who had been "cleared" of VRE colonization after 3 negative stool cultures (Study B). Twelve patients had stored VRE isolates recovered > 1 year apart (Study A), and 58% of paired isolates were genotypically related according to pulsed field gel electrophoresis patterns. In Study B, stool samples were obtained weekly from 21 "cleared" patients for 5 weeks, which revealed that 24% were VRE positive. For these culture-positive patients, 72% of the cultures failed to detect VRE. Recent antibiotic use was significantly more common in the culture-positive patients, as compared with culture-negative patients (P=.003). Colonization with VRE may persist for years, even if the results of intercurrent surveillance stool and index site cultures are negative. Cultures for detection of VRE in stool samples obtained from patients declared "cleared" are insensitive.

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Glycopeptide susceptibility among Danish Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates of animal and human origin and PCR identification of genes within the VanA cluster

Cited by 153 publications

References 13 publications

Host Specificity of Vancomycin‐ResistantEnterococcus faecium

Host Specificity of Vancomycin‐ResistantEnterococcus faecium

Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of Glycopeptide‐Resistant Enterococci in Belgian Renal Dialysis Units

Prolonged Colonization with Vancomycin‐ResistantEnterococcus faeciumin Long‐Term Care Patients and the Significance of “Clearance”

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