GM crops on trial: Technological development as a real-world experiment

Levidow, Les; Carr, Susan

doi:10.1016/j.futures.2006.08.002

Cited by 55 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…With regard to EU agricultural policy, Levidow and Carr demonstrate how experimental introductions of GMOs allow risks to be scientized and shift to a language of control and measurability (Levidow and Carr, 2007). Bonneuil et al argue that, in GMO controversies, the boundaries between laboratory and field are constantly redrawn by participants in the debate.…”

Section: The Real-world Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turning Aggression into an Object of Intervention: Tinkering in a Crime Control Pilot Study

Grommé

2015

Science as Culture

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Section: The Real-world Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turning Aggression into an Object of Intervention: Tinkering in a Crime Control Pilot Study

Grommé

2015

Science as Culture

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“…In scaling up scientific and technological developments beyond the confined limits of the laboratory, and in testing technology as a real-world experiment, this trend has been amplified. Techno-scientific developments are entering society more directly, exposing it at large to potential dangers (Krohn and Weyer, 1994;Levidow and Carr, 2007). As such, risk debates and controversies can be viewed as an expression of contending views on how potential risks should be anticipated, controlled, and distributed, but also on how society should be organized.…”

Section: Science and Technology Becoming Publicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethics in the Societal Debate on Genetically Modified Organisms: A (Re)Quest for Sense and Sensibility

Devos

Maeseele

Reheul

et al. 2007

J Agric Environ Ethics

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ABSTRACT. Via a historical reconstruction, this paper primarily demonstrates how the societal debate on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) gradually extended in terms of actors involved and concerns reflected. It is argued that the implementation of recombinant DNA technology out of the laboratory and into civil society entailed a ''complex of concerns.'' In this complex, distinctions between environmental, agricultural, socio-economic, and ethical issues proved to be blurred. This fueled the confusion between the wider debate on genetic modification and the risk assessment of transgenic crops in the European Union. In this paper, the lasting skeptical and/or ambivalent attitude of Europeans towards agro-food biotechnology is interpreted as signaling an ongoing social request -and even a quest -for an evaluation of biotechnology with Sense and Sensibility. In this (re)quest, a broader-than-scientific dimension is sought for that allows addressing the GMO debate in a more ''sensible'' way, whilst making ''sense'' of the different stances taken in it. Here, the restyling of the European regulatory frame on transgenic agro-food products and of science communication models are discussed and taken to be indicative of the (re)quest to move from a merely scientific evaluation and risk-based policy towards a socially more robust evaluation that takes the ''non-scientific'' concerns at stake in the GMO debate seriously.

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“…The risks of GM oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) have become particularly contentious in the context of the evaluation of market registration applications in the EU (Levidow and Carr, 2007). At present, three GM herbicide tolerant (HT) oilseed rape events (GT73, MS8 x RF3 4 | P a g e and T45) are approved for import and processing for food and feed uses in the EU, and can be transported throughout all EU Member States in conformity with any conditions set out in the approval (EU Community Register: http://ec.europa.eu/food/dyna/gm_register/index_en.cfm).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While most (GMHT) oilseed rape seed is imported by boat and crushed in or near the ports of entry in the EU, a fraction of it can be transported inland to small independent crushing facilities by boat, truck or rail. Some EU Member States contend that imported GMHT oilseed rape will escape and persist outside agricultural fields as feral plants and thereby mediate transgene movement among sexually compatible plants in the landscape (e.g., Levidow and Carr, 2007). The particular concerns related to feral GMHT oilseed rape fall within the range of general concerns stated above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To preserve particular types of crop production, Member States can adopt tolerance thresholds lower than the previously set threshold of 0.9% (EC, 2010). Since GM crop production is currently considered the 'newcomer' in the European agriculture (EC, 2003a), GM crop adopters are requested by law to put coexistence measures in place to limit unintended GM admixtures, and to bear responsibility for redressing the incurred economic harm caused by GM admixing (Demont and Devos, 2008; Devos et al, 2009b).The risks of GM oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) have become particularly contentious in the context of the evaluation of market registration applications in the EU (Levidow and Carr, 2007). At present, three GM herbicide tolerant (HT) oilseed rape events (GT73, MS8 x RF3 4 | P a g e and T45) are approved for import and processing for food and feed uses in the EU, and can be transported throughout all EU Member States in conformity with any conditions set out in the approval (EU Community Register: http://ec.europa.eu/food/dyna/gm_register/index_en.cfm).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feral genetically modified herbicide tolerant oilseed rape from seed import spills: are concerns scientifically justified?

Devos

Hails

Messéan³

et al. 2011

Transgenic Res

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Contact CEH NORA team at noraceh@ceh.ac.ukThe NERC and CEH trademarks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner.1 | P a g e KEYWORDSGenetically modified oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, seed spillage, ferality, persistence, invasiveness, coexistence, introgression 2 | P a g e ABSTRACTOne of the concerns surrounding the import (for food and feed uses or processing) of genetically modified herbicide tolerant (GMHT) oilseed rape is that, through seed spillage, the herbicide tolerance (HT) trait will escape into agricultural or semi-natural habitats, causing environmental or economic problems. Based on these concerns, three EU countries have invoked national safeguard clauses to ban the marketing of specific GMHT oilseed rape events on their territory. However, the scientific basis for the environmental and economic concerns posed by feral GMHT oilseed rape resulting from seed import spills is debatable.While oilseed rape has characteristics such as secondary dormancy and small seed size that enable it to persist and be redistributed in the landscape, the presence of ferals is not in itself an environmental or economic problem. Crucially, feral oilseed rape has not become invasive outside cultivated and ruderal habitats, and HT traits are not likely to result in increased invasiveness. Feral GMHT oilseed rape has the potential to introduce HT traits to volunteer weeds in agricultural fields, but would only be amplified if the herbicides to which HT volunteers are tolerant were used routinely in the field. However, this worst-case scenario is most unlikely, as seed import spills are mostly confined to port areas. Economic concerns revolve around the potential for feral GMHT oilseed rape to contribute to GM admixtures in non-GM crops. Since feral plants derived from cultivation (as distinct from import) occur at too low a frequency to affect the coexistence threshold of 0.9% in the EU, it can be concluded that feral GMHT plants resulting from seed import spills will have little relevance as a potential source of pollen or seed for GM admixture. This paper concludes that feral oilseed rape in Europe should not be routinely managed, and certainly not in semi-natural habitats, as the benefits of such action would not outweigh the negative effects of management.3 | P a g e INTRODUCTIONThe global area cropped with genetically modified (GM) crops has consistently increased each year since they were first commercially cultivated in 1996 (1.7 million hectares), reaching 148 million hectares in 2010 (James, 2010). The advent of GM crops and their rapid expansion in terms of cropping area evoked intense debate about their safety (Hails, 2000; Devos et al., 2008b;Waltz, 2009; Gaskell et al., 2011). Concerns have been raised that the commercial release of GM crops could result in adverse environmental and economic effects.Environmental concerns include the potential for altered fitness of the crop ...

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GM crops on trial: Technological development as a real-world experiment

Cited by 55 publications

References 14 publications

Turning Aggression into an Object of Intervention: Tinkering in a Crime Control Pilot Study

Turning Aggression into an Object of Intervention: Tinkering in a Crime Control Pilot Study

Ethics in the Societal Debate on Genetically Modified Organisms: A (Re)Quest for Sense and Sensibility

Feral genetically modified herbicide tolerant oilseed rape from seed import spills: are concerns scientifically justified?

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