GMO Policies and Practices: A Global Overview with Special Focus on Turkey

Erdoğan, Güneş; Movassaghi, Hormoz; Unsal, Fahri; Güneş, Nurdan Tuna

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820780-2.00002-9

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The antibody was specific for several genes encoded proteins from the W-chromosome (e.g., CHDIW, ASW), or the Z-chromosome (e.g., DMRT-1), or hormones, e.g., anti-Mullerian hormone. However, as discussed in the genetic engineering section, the consumers and industry still question approaches that need the introduction of extra components in consumption products (35).…”

Section: Immunosensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights and Interpretation of the Trends for <em>in ovo</em> Sexing Technologies in Papers and Patents

Corion¹,

Santos²,

Ketelaere³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Numerous researchers and institutions have been developing in ovo sexing technologies to improve animal welfare by identifying male embryos in an early embryonic stage and disposing of them before pain perception. This review gives a complete overview of the technological approaches reported in papers and patents by performing a thorough search using Web of Science and Patstat databases for papers and patents, respectively. Based on a total of 45 papers and 100 patent families up until 2021 reported worldwide, 11 technology categories were defined: six non-optical and five optical techniques. Every category was described for its characteristics while assessing its potential for application. Next, the dynamics of the publications of in ovo sexing techniques in both paper and patent fields were described through growth curves, and the interest or actual status was visualized using the number of paper citations and the actual legal status of the patents. When comparing the reported technologies in papers to those in patents, scientific gaps were observed, as some of the patented technologies were not reported in the scientific literature, e.g., ion mobility and mass spectrometry approaches. Generally, more diverse approaches in all categories were found in patents, although they do require more scientific evidence through papers or industrial adoption to prove their robustness. Moreover, although there is a recent trend for non-invasive techniques, invasive methods like analyzing DNA through PCR or hormones through immunosensing are still being reported (and might continue to be) in papers and patents. It was also observed that none of the technologies complies with all the industry requirements. Thus, more research and harmony between consumers, industry, and governments is necessary.

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Section: Immunosensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, GMOs gather different opinions from country to country. It is possible to classify countries into 1) allowing GMOs, 2) not allowing production but allowing imported GMO products, and 3) blocking both production and import (35). Section S2 of the supplementary materials presents a list of these countries.…”

Section: Genetic Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights and Interpretation of the Trends for <em>in ovo</em> Sexing Technologies in Papers and Patents

Corion¹,

Santos²,

Ketelaere³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…GMOs are currently not allowed in European products for human consumption. 9 Although previous work already showed that GMOs provide high sexing accuracies early in incubation, 10 for full implementation of GMO chickens (in countries outside the EU), the breeding companies will have to adopt a new pure chicken line (i.e., with a tag in their genome). Moreover, besides the effects on the price, the animals' and consumers' long-term health and the industry reputation are still unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, there are three main strategies to avoid culling male chicken embryos: (1) genetically modified organisms (GMOs), (2) dual-purpose chicken lines or male layer rearing, and (3) in ovo sexing. GMOs are currently not allowed in European products for human consumption . Although previous work already showed that GMOs provide high sexing accuracies early in incubation, for full implementation of GMO chickens (in countries outside the EU), the breeding companies will have to adopt a new pure chicken line ( i.e ., with a tag in their genome).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allantoic Fluid-Based qPCR for Early Onset In Ovo Sexing

Monteiro Belo Santos,

Corion,

De Ketelaere

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The day-old male chick culling remains a welfare issue in the poultry industry. Several governments have prohibited this practice, pushing hatcheries to seek alternatives. Although different solutions exist for solving this problem, sex determination during the embryo’s incubation (in ovo sexing) is considered the most suitable one among the consumers and industry. However, to be industrialized, in ovo sexing technologies must meet several requirements: compatibility with all egg colors and early developmental stages while maintaining a high hatchability rate and accuracy at low cost and high throughput. To meet these requirements, we studied the use of the sexual genes HINTW (female-specific) and DMRT-1 (both sexes) at incubation days 6–9. By utilizing the quantitative polymerase chain reaction in allantoic fluid (AF) samples, our study confirmed female-specific HINTW detection on all days without any significant detrimental effects on embryo development. We achieved 95% sexing accuracy using the HINTW cycle threshold (Ct) alone and 100% accuracy rate when using Δλ values (difference between the HINTW and DMRT-1 Ct). In conclusion, the developed assay can provide information about AF as a sample for in ovo sexing and open new industrial possibilities for faster and cheaper assays.

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“…Currently, there are three main strategies to avoid culling male chicken embryos: 1) genetically modified organisms (GMO), 2) dual-purpose chicken lines and 3) in ovo sexing. GMOs are currently not allowed in European products for human consumption 9 . Although previous work already showed that GMOs provide high sexing accuracies early in incubation 10 , for full implementation of GMO chickens (in countries outside the EU), the breeding companies will have to adopt a new pure chicken line (i.e., with a tag in their genome).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allantoic fluid-based qPCR for early-onsetin ovosexing

Santos,

Corion,

De Ketelaere

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The culling of day-old male chickens remains an important welfare issue in the poultry industry. Several governments (e.g., Germany, France or Italy) have prohibited this practice, pushing the hatcheries to look for alternatives. Although different solutions exist for solving this problem, sex determination during embryo’s incubation (so calledin ovosexing) is considered the most suitable both for consumers and the industry since it aligns with the increasing demand for ethical and sustainable agriculture. However, to be applied in the market,in ovosexing technologies have to meet a number of requirements, such as being compatible with all egg colors and early developmental stages, while maintaining high hatchability rate and accuracy at low cost and high throughput. To meet these requirements, we studied the use of the sexual genesHINTW(female-specific) andDMRT-1(present in both males and females) between incubation days 6 and 9. By utilizing quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as analysis method and allantoic fluid (AF) as sample, our study confirmed specific detection of these genes in AF, remarkably already at day 6 of development. In a blind study performed with 80 eggs, we achieved a 95% accuracy rate in sorting embryos when using theHINTWgene alone and an outstanding 100% accuracy rate when using Δλ values (difference between theHINTWandDMRT-1qPCR cycle threshold (Ct)). Importantly, the AF sampling procedure did not reveal any significant detrimental effects on hatchability or embryo development, revealing high potential for this understudied type of sample to be used. In conclusion, the developed assay can provide more in-depth information about AF as a sample for genomicin ovosexing and open new industrial possibilities for developing faster and cheaper assays.Research highlightsA highly reliable and accurate method forin ovosexing in early incubation stages is established.Allantoic fluid can be easily extracted with minimal invasiveness while providing the necessary genomic material for sexual sorting.HINTWwas found to be present in both female and male samples due to possible maternal contamination.HINTWalone or combined withDMRT-1gene enables early-onset sexing with 100% accuracy.

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GMO Policies and Practices: A Global Overview with Special Focus on Turkey

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Insights and Interpretation of the Trends for <em>in ovo</em> Sexing Technologies in Papers and Patents

Insights and Interpretation of the Trends for <em>in ovo</em> Sexing Technologies in Papers and Patents

Allantoic Fluid-Based qPCR for Early Onset In Ovo Sexing

Allantoic fluid-based qPCR for early-onsetin ovosexing

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