Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi causes chestnut canker symptoms in Castanea sativa shoots in Switzerland

Pasche, Sabrina; Calmin, Gautier; Auderset, G.; Crovadore, Julien; Pelleteret, Pegah; Mauch‐Mani, Brigitte; Barja, François; Paul, B; Jermini, Mauro; Lefort, François

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2016.01.002

Cited by 36 publications

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“…Moreover, the co‐occurrence of the same haplotypes in Italy and in Switzerland supports the hypothesis that Italy could be a dissemination source to Switzerland, as suggested by Pasche et al . (). Although intriguing, definitive evidence for the introduction of a subpopulation requires a broader sampling and further studies, including information on the phylogeography of G. castaneae .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In this complex phytosanitary situation, fungi causing nut rot at pre‐ and/or post‐harvest have also played a role, resulting in yield and economic losses (Lione et al ., ). The ascomycete Gnomoniopsis castaneae (Visentin et al ., ; Tamietti, ) is an emergent nut rot agent in several areas of Europe, including Italy, France and Switzerland (Visentin et al ., ; Maresi et al ., ; Dennert et al ., ; Pasche et al ., ). Shuttleworth et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In this complex phytosanitary situation, fungi causing nut rot at pre-and/or post-harvest have also played a role, resulting in yield and economic losses (Lione et al, 2015). The ascomycete Gnomoniopsis castaneae (Visentin et al, 2012;Tamietti, 2016) is an emergent nut rot agent in several areas of Europe, including Italy, France and Switzerland (Visentin et al, 2012;Maresi et al, 2013;Dennert et al, 2015;Pasche et al, 2016). Shuttleworth et al (2015) recently demonstrated the synonymy between G. castaneae and Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi, a fungus reported in Australia and New Zealand (Shuttleworth et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The symptoms of nut rot caused by G. castaneae include a chalky aspect of the nut kernel at ripening, turning to brown as the mummification advances and the mycelium occupies the kernel tissues (Shuttleworth et al, 2012;Visentin et al, 2012). While the fungus was recently reported in association with bark cankers (Pasche et al, 2016), it can be easily isolated as an endophyte from buds, from the thin bark of young shoots (Visentin et al, 2012), and from the galls produced on chestnut by the Asian gall wasp, where fruiting bodies of the anamorphic stage in the form of acervuli may be found (Maresi et al, 2013). The perithecia-producing teleomorph stage can develop in the spring on the burrs (Visentin et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HRM analysis provides insights on the reproduction mode and the population structure of Gnomoniopsis castaneae in Europe

et al. 2016

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Gnomoniopsis castaneae is an emergent nut rot agent of chestnut in southern Europe. To elucidate its population genetics, three simple sequence repeat (SSR) and two hypervariable markers were developed and assessed through high‐resolution melting (HRM) analysis on 132 isolates collected from 10 sites in Italy, France and Switzerland. High allele diversity (ranging from 0.23 to 0.40 depending on site) and number of haplotypes (49) were observed. More than 70% of the molecular variance could be accounted among isolates within sites. Multilocus analysis showed absence of linkage disequilibrium, suggesting a predominant role played by sexual reproduction and random mating. Data analyses indicated the presence of at least two putative distinct subpopulations and this was confirmed by several approaches, including analysis of shared haplotypes, multivariate and Bayesian analyses. Based on data of allelic diversity, the possibility that the pathogen could have been introduced is discussed. This work assessed the genetic variability and the sexual strategies of G. castaneae in Europe, adding useful information on the epidemiology of this fungal plant pathogen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HRM analysis provides insights on the reproduction mode and the population structure of Gnomoniopsis castaneae in Europe

et al. 2016

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“…G. castaneae) has been identified as the causal agent of chestnut rot in sweet chestnut in Australia and Italy (Shuttleworth et al, 2012;Visentin et al, 2012). Subsequently, it has been found causing cankers on shoots and scions in India (Dar & Rai, 2015) and most recently causing cankers on sweet chestnut in Switzerland (Pasche et al, 2016). The fungus has also been reported as an endophyte (Visentin et al, 2012) and saprobe (Shuttleworth et al, 2015) of sweet chestnut.…”

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First report of Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi causing lesions and cankers of sweet chestnut in the United Kingdom

Lewis

Gorton

Rees

et al. 2017

New Disease Reports

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In late summer 2016 cankers and shoot dieback were detected on a sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) tree (Figs. 1-2) during a survey for chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parastica) in southeast England. The tree was part of a two-year-old amenity planting scheme. Samples of the affected shoots were sent to the Tree Health Diagnostic and Advisory Service at Forest Research for examination. Isolations were made from the margin of the lesion and plated onto malt agar amended with 1% streptomycin, and the plates incubated for 4 days at 20°C in the dark. A fungus grew consistently from the affected tissues and growing colonies were transferred to 2% potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated further. The fungus formed a white fluffy colony on PDA after seven days ( Fig. 3) and readily produced hyaline, fusoid, obovoid and multi-gutulate conidia which were straight or slightly curved (without appendages) after 14 days. Spore dimensions were 5-7.5 µm x 1.25-2.5 µm. DNA was extracted from mycelium and the ITS region was amplified and sequenced with the primers ITS1 and ITS4. Based on morphological features and ITS sequences the identity of the fungus was confirmed as Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi (Shuttleworth et al., 2012). The sequences of the ITS showed 100% identity with sequences of G. smithogilvyi deposited in GenBank and a representative sequence was submitted to GenBank (Accession No. KY695232).Pathogenicity tests were done by inoculating six three-year-old sweet chestnut saplings. Following surface sterilisation, a wound was made on the stem 10 cm above soil level using a sterilised 5 mm cork borer. A 5 mm diameter mycelial plug taken from a month-old colony of G. smithogilvyi was inserted into the wound which was covered with moistened cotton and wrapped with paraffin film and then aluminium foil. Six control sweet chestnut saplings were inoculated with sterile agar plugs. Saplings were kept in a growth chamber and maintained at 20°C with a 12 hr photoperiod. After four weeks, necrotic lesions were observed only on the inoculated saplings and the fungus was consistently reisolated from all lesions (Fig. 4). Control saplings, however, were asymptomatic and no G. smithogilvyi was recovered from them. The identity was confirmed by morphology and by sequencing of the ITS region.

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The fungus, the Code and the mysterious publication date: Why Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi is still the correct name for the chestnut rot fungus

Shuttleworth¹,

Guest²,

Walker³

2018

IMA Fungus

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The fungus, the Code and the mysterious publication date: Why Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi is still the correct name for the chestnut rot fungus This letter is a response to the ongoing confusion regarding the name to be used for the chestnut rot pathogen, Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales). The first author recently received correspondence from Australia that academics and industry believe there are two fungal species that are the main agents causing chestnut rot. There is only one main causal agent of chestnut rot in Australia, New Zealand, and Europe, and its correct name is G. smithogilvyi. Here we explain why.

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Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi causes chestnut canker symptoms in Castanea sativa shoots in Switzerland

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

HRM analysis provides insights on the reproduction mode and the population structure of Gnomoniopsis castaneae in Europe

HRM analysis provides insights on the reproduction mode and the population structure of Gnomoniopsis castaneae in Europe

First report of Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi causing lesions and cankers of sweet chestnut in the United Kingdom

The fungus, the Code and the mysterious publication date: Why Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi is still the correct name for the chestnut rot fungus

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