“…Examples of genetic resource products that have been used in aquaculture include those relating to actual genetic materials such as lysosyme constructs (Fletcher et al, , p. 437) and DNA vaccines (see Poobalane, Thompson, and Adams ()) as well as products that are produced by the use of genetic materials, such as synthetic sponge chemical compounds (see Kishi, Fang, Forsyth, Scola, and Yoon ()), antifreeze protein vectors (see Sanderson & Humphries, ) and recombinant technologies such as luciferase from the deep sea shrimp (see Hitko et al ()). Examples of genetic resource processes used in aquaculture include tuna germ cell transplantation surrogate technology (see Yazawa et al, ), developing transgenic fish (see Hew & Fletcher, ), and breeding methods such as polyploidy and hybridisation (Xiang, Li, Zhou, & Zhang, ). Some countries may allow the patenting of conventional breeding techniques (see Blakeney, ).…”