“…In terms of surface ligands, AuNCs are generally classified into thiolated AuNCs, dendrimer- or polymer-protected AuNCs, protein-templated or protein-protected AuNCs, DNA-templated AuNCs, and small-molecule-protected AuNCs [ 13 ]. Among various AuNCs, glutathione (GSH)-stabilized AuNCs (GSH-AuNCs) have been demonstrated to have many interesting properties and have been used in the detection of heavy metal ions such as Cr 3+ [ 14 ], Cu 2+ [ 15 ], Hg 2+ [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], and Ag + [ 19 , 20 ]; thiol [ 21 , 22 ]; and alkaline peptide and alkaline phosphatase [ 23 , 24 ]. GSH-AuNCs have also been applied to detect the electron deficiency of dopamine [ 25 ].…”