Gold nanoparticle-based electrochemical magnetoimmunosensor for rapid detection of anti-hepatitis B virus antibodies in human serum

Non-enzymatic electrochemical immunoassay using noble metal nanoparticles: a review

“…Take advantages of the catalytic method and the magnetic beads as platforms, the determination of human IgG at levels of 1 ng mL −1 was feasible through this assay. Using the similar signal amplified assay, their group prepared a sandwich immunosensor using magnetic beads as bioreaction platforms and gold nanoparticles as electroactive labels for the electrochemical detection of human IgG antibodies anti-Hepatitis B surface antigen [73]. The electrochemical detection of gold nanoparticles is carried out approaching their catalytic properties towards the hydrogen evolution in an acidic medium, without previous nanoparticle dissolution.…”

Magnetic Beads‐Based Electrochemical Sensors Applied to the Detection and Quantification of Bioterrorism/Biohazard Agents

“…Interesting examples of these approaches are the electrochemical magnetoimmunosensing assays developed for the rapid, selective and sensitive quantification of anti-Helicobacter pylori [28], anti-Clostridium tetani [14], and anti-hepatitis B virus [29] IgG antibodies. The detection of these antibodies in serum was carried out by indirect antibody capture assays based on the use of purified antigens immobilized on magnetic microspheres.…”

“…The detection of these antibodies in serum was carried out by indirect antibody capture assays based on the use of purified antigens immobilized on magnetic microspheres. The IgG antibodies present in the serum samples were allowed to react immunologically with the immobilized antigens, and the bound antibodies were quantified by enzyme-labelled [14,28] or gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-conjugated [29] secondary antibodies specific to human IgG. These original approaches may be extended to on site applications dealing with the screening of antibody levels in complex samples.…”

Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Biosensing Applications

“…Namely, using this amperometric approach: Polsky and co-workers used platinum NPs functionalized with nucleic acid aptamers to detect thrombin with a sensitivity limit corresponding to 1 nM [176]; Munge et al developed an immunosensor to detect attomoles of the cancer biomarker interleukin-8 using glutathione derivatized gold NPs [177]; Jensen and co-workers used inkjet printed arrays with gold NPs to detect the cancer biomarker interleukin-6 directly in serum with a detection limit of 20 pg/mL [178]; Yin et al used gold NPs over a surface of poly(styrene-acrylic acid) nanospheres, that served as a matrix to conjugate alkaline phosphatase, to detect the tumor necrosis factor α up to 0.01 ng/mL [179]; Meng et al used gold NPs combined with ferric oxide NPs and carbon nanotubes to detect up to 0.04 ng/mL of the tumor biomarker alpha fetoprotein [180]; Sharma and co-workers used gold NPs and screen printed electrodes modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes to detect Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 in serum of humans with malaria [181]. In this case, the authors compared the method with a commercial kit, Paracheck Pf test (Orchid Biomedical Systems, Goa, India), and determined that their method was more sensitive and specific than the kit, having a detection limit of 8 ng/mL; Merkoçi’s group used gold NP and magnetic beads to develop a magneto-immunosensor for the detection of anti-hepatitis B virus antibodies and human IgG in human serum [182,183]; Che and co-workers used gold NPs with multi-walled carbon nanotube-silver composites to detect down to 0.08 ng/mL of alpha-1-fetoprotein [184]; Scodeller et al used gold-silver core-shell NPs to develop a system responsive to glucose based on the enzymatic reduction of FAD by glucose [185]. …”