Gold Nanoparticles and Reduced Graphene Oxide‐Gold Nanoparticle Composite Materials as Covalent Drug Delivery Systems for Breast Cancer Treatment

Abstract

AuNPs and AuNPs/RGO composites were engineered as drug delivery nanoplatforms to efficiently deliver the anti‐cancer drug to MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. The anti‐cancer drug, mitoxantrone (MTX), was tethered to the gold nanoparticles via a 3‐mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) spacer and an acid‐cleavable amid bond (SMTX‐AuNPs). Then, the surface of the RGO nanosheets were decorated with SMTX‐AuNPs (SMTX‐AuNPs/RGO). For comparison purposes, MPA functionalized nanoparticles (MPA‐AuNPs) and their nanocomposites (MPA‐AuNPs/RGO) were also prepared using the same procedure. The formation of the nanomaterials was verified by spectroscopic and morphological techniques. The drug delivery activity of materials on MCF‐7 cells was investigated in vitro using different methods. Our results demonstrate that SMTX‐AuNPs have better activity on cancer cells than free MTX and SMTX‐AuNPs/RGO. Further, contradicting previous studies, our findings suggest that the use of graphene‐based materials for the covalent drug delivery systems need to be revisited.

Photocatalytically Active Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Effective and Safe 2D Material for In Vitro and In Vivo Photodynamic Therapy

“…In this regard, mpg‐C 3 N 4 was synthesized by using a hard‐templating method with the specific surface area of 188 m 2 g −1 . Then, by using our well‐established protocol . monodisperse Au NPs with an average particle size of 5 nm were synthesized and then assembled on g‐C 3 N 4 and mpg‐C 3 N 4 via liquid‐phase sonication.…”

“…[8] Then, by using our well-established protocol. [30,31] monodisperse Au NPs with an average particle size of 5 nm were synthesized and then assembled on g-C 3 N 4 and mpg-C 3 N 4 via liquid-phase sonication. Figure 4A shows a representative TEM image of monodisperse Au NPs.…”

One‐Pot Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Poly(methacrylic acid)‐Capped Silver Nanoclusters for the Specific Detection of Iron(II)

“…In comparison with other methods, the fluorescence method is relatively faster, simpler and more convenient. Probe materials such as gold nanoparticles and nanoclusters may have potential harm to human beings as well as the environment while noble metal nanoclusters are high in cost. After the comparison and analysis, AgNCs@PMAA are promising fluorescence probes and can be applied in many fields.…”

Mucin-1 aptamer-armed superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for targeted delivery of doxorubicin to breast cancer cells

“…At the designated time points (24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation periods), the media was removed and 50 µL (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) solution (2 mg/mL in complete media) plus 150 µL of the fresh media were added to each well. 36 Then, the cells were incubated at 37°C for 4 hours, the media was removed and the formazan products formed by oxidation of the MTT dye were dissolved in DMSO (200 µL) plus Sorenson’s buffer (40 µL). The absorbance of formazan product was read at 570 nm using a plate reader spectrophotometer, ELx808 (BioTek Instruments, Winooski, VT, USA).…”