Gold Nanoparticles Using Ecklonia stolonifera Protect Human Dermal Fibroblasts from UVA-Induced Senescence through Inhibiting MMP-1 and MMP-3

Abstract

The effect of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) synthesized in marine algae has been described in the context of skin, where they have shown potential benefit. Ecklonia stolonifera (ES) is a brown algae that belongs to the Laminariaceae family, and is widely used as a component of food and medicine due to its biological activities. However, the role of GNPs underlying cellular senescence in the protection of Ecklonia stolonifera gold nanoparticles (ES-GNPs) against UVA irradiation is less well known. Here, we investigate the antisenescence effect of ES-GNPs and the underlying mechanism in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity of ES extracts was analyzed. These analyses showed that ES extract has potent antioxidant properties. The facile and optimum synthesis of ES-GNPs was established using UV-vis spectra. The surface morphology and crystallinity of ES-GNPs were demonstrated using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). ES-GNPs presented excellent photocatalytic activity, as shown by the photo-degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine B. A cellular senescence model was established by irradiating HDFs with UVA. UVA-irradiated HDFs exhibited increased expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-galactosidase). However, pretreatment with ES-GNPs resulted in reduced SA-β-galactosidase activity in UVA-irradiated HDFs. Intracellular ROS levels and G1 arrest in UVA-irradiated HDFs were checked against the background of ES-GNP treatment to investigate the antisenescence effects of ES-GNPs. The results showed that ES-GNPs significantly inhibit UVA-induced ROS levels and G1 arrest. Importantly, ES-GNPs significantly downregulated the transcription and translation of MMP (matrix metalloproteinases)-1/-3, which regulate cellular senescence in UVA-irradiated HDFs. These findings indicate that our optimal ES-GNPs exerted an antisenescence effect on UVA-irradiated HDFs by inhibiting MMP-1/-3 expression. Collectively, we posit that ES-GNPs may potentially be used to treat photoaging of the skin.

Characterization of Plocamium telfairiae Extract-Functionalized Au Nanostructures and Their Anti-Adipogenic Activity through PLD1

“…AuNSs were synthesized by optimizing the concentration, temperature, and reaction time of the PT extract and metal precursor. First, aqueous HAuCl 4 ·3H 2 O solution (1M) was added to the PT extract (4 mg·mL −1 ), and the mixture was incubated in a water bath at 80 °C for 15 min [ 47 ]. The tube containing PT-AuNSs was placed on ice for 5 min.…”

“…The morphology and particle size distribution of PT-AuNS were determined using HR-TEM TALOS F200X (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) at an electron potential of 200 kV. To confirm that PT-AuNS were synthesized via PT extraction, FTIR spectra were obtained using the Spectrum GX spectrometer (Perkin Elmer Inc., Boston, MA, USA) prepared with potassium bromide pellets [ 47 ].…”

“…After 2 days, the cells were pretreated with PT-AuNS at 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 μg·mL −1 for 2 h and then either treated or not with an MDI differentiation medium. The CCK-8 reagent was added to each well at a concentration of 1/100, and the plates were wrapped in foil and incubated for 4 h. For quantification, absorbance was measured at 450 nm using the Wallac VICTOR plate reader (Perkin Elmer Corp., Nerwalk, CT, USA) [ 47 ].…”

“…Samples were amplified in triplicate in 96-well plates, with 40 cycles at 95 °C for 15 s and 58 °C for 40 s. The primers used are listed in Table 1 . Data were analyzed using the 2 − ΔΔCT method [ 47 ].…”

In-Depth Understanding of Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura: A Review of Its Bioactivities and Bioactive Compounds

“…The antisenescence effect of ES-GNPs in a human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) senescence model induced by ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation was investigated. The results showed that ES-GNPs exerted antisenescence effects on UVA-irradiated HDF by inhibiting MMP-1/-3 expression and SA-β-galactosidase activity [ 75 ]. In addition, fucosterol extracted from ES down-regulated the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 to alleviate soluble amyloid beta peptide 1–42 -induced cognitive impairment in aging rats [ 33 ].…”