Goodeve hard red spring wheat

Abstract

Cogliatti, M., Bongiorno, F., Dalla Valle, H. and Rogers, W. J. 2011. Canaryseed (Phalaris canariensis L.) accessions from nineteen countries show useful genetic variation for agronomic traits. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 37–48. Fifty-seven accessions of canaryseed (47 populations and 10 cultivars) from 19 countries were evaluated for agronomic traits in four field trials sown over 3 yr in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Genetic variation was found for all traits scored: grain yield and its components (grain weight, grain number per square meter, grain number per head and head number per square meter), harvest index, percent lodging, and phenological characters (emergence to heading, emergence to harvest maturity and heading to harvest maturity). Although genotype×environment interaction was observed for all traits, the additive differences between accessions were sufficient to enable promising breeding materials to be identified. Accessions superior in performance to the local Argentinean population, which in general gave values close to the overall mean of the accessions evaluated, were identified. For example, a population of Moroccan origin gave good yield associated with elevated values of the highly heritable character grain weight, rather than with the more commonly observed grain number per square meter. This population was also of relatively short stature and resistant to lodging, and, although it performed best when sown within the normal sowing date, tolerated late sowing fairly well. Other accessions were also observed with high grain weight, a useful characteristic in itself, since large grains are desirable from a quality point of view. Regarding phenology, the accessions showed a range of 160 degree days (8 calendar days in our conditions) in maturity, which, while not large in magnitude, may be of some utility in crop rotation management. Some accessions were well adapted to late sowing. Grain yield in general was strongly correlated with grain number per square meter. Principal components analysis (PCA) carried out for all characteristics provided indications of accessions combining useful characteristics and identified three components that explained approximately 70% of the phenotypic variation. Furthermore, a second PCA plus regression showed that approximately 60% of the variation in grain yield could be explained by a component associated with harvest index and grain number per square meter. Pointers were provided to possible future breeding targets.

Establishment of a PCA model for skin health evaluation

“…Then, we introduced clustered block-wise PCA for representation of visual data [27]. Clustered block-wise PCA not only takes advantage of the fact that typical visual data contains localized variations, but also exploits the correlations within the data [28]. We have shown that clustered block-wise PCA achieves higher efficiency than linear regression in terms of both storage and computational cost [29].…”

Canaryseed Crop

“…Producers have reported that its seedlings survive daily minimum temperatures of -5 ºC (Putnam et al, 1996). However, it is sensitive to low temperatures in the heading stage, where the occurrence of frosts can reduce grain yield (Cogliatti et al, 2011a). Also, in the grain filling stage, frosts and high temperatures can severely reduce grain yield (Norton and Ford, 2002).…”

“…Several authors have found that canaryseed has little genetic variability in its morphology, phenology and its productivity (Poverene et al, 1994;Bodega et al, 1995 andPutnam et al, 1996;Miravalles et al, 2002;Hucl, 1999 and2002) and this may be the reason why there has been little progress in genetic improvement of this species. Nonetheless, Cogliatti et al (2011a) found potentially useful variation amongst a collection of accessions obtained from nineteen different countries (details below). Currently, there are about 12 cultivars of annual canarygrass in the world, among them the three Northamerican varieties "Alden", "Keet" and "Elias", developed by Dr. Robert Robinson of the University of Minnesota, in 1973, 1979and 1983, respectively (Robinson 1979band 1983; the three cultivars from Hungary "Abad", "Karcsu" and "Lizard"; the old variety from the Netherlands "Cantate" developed by Joordens Zaden company in 1985; the cultivar "Judita" from the Czech Republic and the three hairless (glabrous) Canadian cultivars "CDC María", "CDC Togo" and "CDC Bastia" developed by Dr. Pierre Hucl.…”

“…Therefore, at least from an agronomical point of view, they could be considered as belonging to one population (local Argentinian population). As mentioned above, Cogliatti et al (2011a) evaluated canarygrass accessions from nineteen countries, comprising fifty included in the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) collection and seven cultivars "Cantate", "Judita", "Lizard", "Abad", "Karcsu", "Kisvárdai-41" and "CDC María". These were agronomically evaluated in the Province of Buenos Aires in 2004Aires in , 2005Aires in and 2006, and useful genetic variation was found for grain yield and its components (grain weight, grain number per square meter, grain number per head and head number per square meter), harvest index and phenological characters (emergence to heading, emergence to harvest maturity and heading to harvest maturity).…”

“…Accessions superior in performance to the local Argentinian population, which in general rendered values close to the overall mean of the accessions evaluated, were identified. The studies of genetic variability in P. canariensis revealed limited intraspecific differences as determined by different methodologies: isoezymatic (Matus-Cadiz, 1999;Poverene et al, 1994), morphological (Matus-Cadiz, 2002), agronomical (Cogliatti, 2011a;Bodega et al, 1995Bodega et al, , 2000Bodega et al, , 2003, protein-electrophoretical (Cogliatti, 2009) and molecular (Li et al, 2010). Consequently, it has not been possible to develop a methodology for the comprehensive differentiation of cultivars.…”