Gorlin Syndrome-Associated Basal Cell Carcinomas Treated with Vismodegib or Sonidegib: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), also known as Gorlin syndrome (GS), is a genetic disorder characterized by the development of multiple cutaneous BCCs due to mutations in the hedgehog signaling pathway. The use of hedgehog pathway inhibitors—vismodegib and sonidegib—has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for managing BCCs in individuals with GS. In a retrospective study conducted between March 2012 and January 2024, a cohort of 16 Gorlin syndrome patients who received treatment with either sonidegib or vismodegib were analyzed. The primary objectives of the study were to evaluate the efficacy, safety profile, and duration of response to oral hedgehog inhibitors in this patient population. The study assessed various parameters, including the number of new BCCs that developed before and after treatment initiation, the duration and sustainability of treatment responses, as well as the incidence of adverse effects associated with hedgehog inhibitor therapy. The findings of the study revealed that sustained treatment with hedgehog inhibitors could effectively suppress the progression of both new and existing BCCs. Furthermore, the results indicated that sonidegib exhibited superior efficacy and safety compared to vismodegib in the treatment of BCCs in individuals with GS. Notably, adjustments to the administration schedule of sonidegib were found to improve tolerability without compromising therapeutic efficacy, potentially leading to prolonged durations of treatment response and disease control.