2019
DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2019.02.005
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Governance structures and efficiency in the U.S. electricity sector after the market restructuring and deregulation

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Cited by 15 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…Using the DID method we can measure the (Zhang et al, 2020)net effect of a policy by comparing changes in average outcomes between treatment groups and changes in average outcomes of control groups, so this method is widely used as a policy evaluation tool. (Card & Krueger, 1994;Gultom, 2019;Lucas & Mbiti, 2012). In addition, regions that have higher rates of violent crime, have fewer food retailers (Singleton & Cooper, 2019).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Using the DID method we can measure the (Zhang et al, 2020)net effect of a policy by comparing changes in average outcomes between treatment groups and changes in average outcomes of control groups, so this method is widely used as a policy evaluation tool. (Card & Krueger, 1994;Gultom, 2019;Lucas & Mbiti, 2012). In addition, regions that have higher rates of violent crime, have fewer food retailers (Singleton & Cooper, 2019).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The assumption of this common pre-treatment trend is the basis for the use of the difference-in-differences approach. Following Gultom (2019), this study tested the common pre-treatment trend using the basic regression equation model:…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This approach requires records on the situation within the two time periods, namely before and after treatment, by referring to the difference in the impact on treatment group in comparison to the control group. Thus, the DID approach is used as a policy evaluation tool (Gultom, 2019;Card & Krueger, 1994;Bertrand et al, 2004;Miyawaki et al, 2017).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…When this has been proven, then the difference in the state loss trends after the policy's implementation, between the treatment and control groups, can be claimed as the result of the policy's implementation. Thus, the common pre-treatment trend assumption becomes the initial point of the DID approach (Gultom, 2019;Muralidharan & Prakash, 2013). The regression equation's basic model is as follow:…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%