Governing by Dividing:

Kleinerman, Benjamin A.

doi:10.2307/j.ctv7n0c0s.7

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Our experimental data could demonstrate that monocyies of patients with AIDS or ARC and HlV-seropositive haemophiliacs were similar as regards TNF production in both basal activity and after controlled stimulation with LPS. In agreement with our results, Kleinerman et al [12] have reported that the tuinouricidal acti\ ity of monocyres in a long-term assay with A 375 melanoma target cells-where IL-1 is a possible mediator molecule-is uncomprotnised in AIDS. On the other hand, it is known that chemotaxis of tnonocytes is defective in AIDS [28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Monocyte Phenotype and Function in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS‐Related Disorders

Haas¹,

Riethmüller²,

Ziegler‐Heitbrock³

1987

Scand J Immunol

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The CD4 molecule, which is known to play an important role in the susceptibility of T lymphocytes to infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is also expressed in small amounts on the surface of monocytes. Since monocytes can also be infected by the virus, we investigated peripheral blood monocytes of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), AIDS-related complex (ARC), and HIV seropositive and seronegative haemophiliacs without symptoms for the expression of the CD4 molecule and for other functionally important surface molecules such as CD11 (C3bi receptor), transferrin receptor, Fc receptor, and the three major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens HLA-DP, HLA-DR, and HLA-DQ. With immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry no difference was found between patients and controls for the expression of the CD4 molecule and for the other antigens as assessed by the percentage of positive staining and the specific fluorescence intensity in a double marker analysis. The percentage of CD4+ monocytes was found to be 59.2 +/- 14.4% for 16 patients with AIDS and 52.9 +/- 12.8% for 12 healthy controls. Similar to our results on phenotype, we found no significant difference with respect to the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF), in that monocytes of AIDS and ARC patients showed an increase in TNF secretion after stimulation with LPS comparable to controls.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Monocyte Phenotype and Function in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS‐Related Disorders

Haas¹,

Riethmüller²,

Ziegler‐Heitbrock³

1987

Scand J Immunol

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“…25-27], A similar factor, a 40,00()-3().000-dalton anti-tumour cytotoxin, has been reported hy Matthews to be produced by human monocytes after exposure to LPS [22, 23|. Immunochemical studies suggest that these factors may be identical [16]. The relationship between CF and the cytotoxins secreted from activated human alveolar macrophages [31] and human monocyte-like 17 cell lines |3. 7j is uncertain, although they may well he similar.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Human Monocyte‐Released Cytotoxic Factor

Kildahl-Andersen¹,

Bakke²,

Nissen‐Meyer³

1985

Scand J Immunol

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Human lymphokine-activated monocytes release a cytotoxic protein factor (CF). The cytostatic activity of CF was potentiated by the DNA and RNA synthesis inhibitors actinomycin D, daunomycin, and mitomycin C. These inhibitors increased the sensitivity for detecting CF approximately 10-fold, and this is of great practical value when assaying CF. The CF-potentiating inhibitors had a similar effect on the cell cycle distribution in that they all induced an accumulation of cells in the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. Cytolytic activity was shown to be associated with CF, and this activity was also greatly potentiated by daunomycin and actinomycin D. The two other inhibitors studied, cycloheximide and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), had an adverse effect on the cytostatic activity of CF. These two inhibitors reduced the sensitivity of the assay for CF about fivefold. Cycloheximide had no apparent effect on the relative cell cycle distribution, whereas 5-FU induced an accumulation of cells in the G1 phase. Of the inhibitors studied, only those that induced an accumulation of cells in the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle potentiated the cytotoxic activity of CF, suggesting that CF may preferentially act in these parts of the cell cycle.

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“…For liberal legalists like David Dyzenhaus, all executive action should be authorized by law and subject to the rule of law, and the judiciary and representative legislatures should bring unfettered executives "back under legal control." 16 Rejecting proposals by scholars like Rossiter and Bruce Ackerman to regulate emergency powers through new Constitutional or legislative procedures, 17 normative extra-legalists argue that such measures cannot adequately anticipate future imperatives and entrench formal sanctions for suspending the law. Consequently, they insist that the surest means of taming abusive modern executives lies in political constraints rather than legal ones, turning to public opinion and the ballot box as our surest remedy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Set Points and the Development of U.S. Presidential Emergency Power

Tichenor

2013

Perspect. polit.

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The recent outpouring of work on executive power during emergencies, inspired by the post-9/11 era, has significantly enhanced our legal and theoretical understanding of this crucial subject. A key flaw in this literature, however, is that it is historically un-rooted, either dismissing or ignoring important analytical and empirical insights from presidential research and from APD and historicalinstitutionalist perspectives. In this article, I argue that we can better explain patterns and variations in the use of presidential emergency power by paying careful attention to shifting historical set points for executive choice and action during security crises. In particular, the findings here underscore the episodic growth of new precedents, resources, and expectations for the White House in perilous contexts. The development of presidential emergency power reflects the potential for early executive choices to be repeated and legitimated over time, laying dormant as a "loaded weapon" to be used by future executives in similarly urgent circumstances.

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Governing by Dividing:

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Monocyte Phenotype and Function in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS‐Related Disorders

Monocyte Phenotype and Function in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS‐Related Disorders

Human Monocyte‐Released Cytotoxic Factor

Historical Set Points and the Development of U.S. Presidential Emergency Power

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