Graduated Driver Licensing Research, 2010-Present

Williams, Allan F.; Tefft, Brian C.; Grabowski, Jurek G.

doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2012.07.004

Cited by 109 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Considerable resources have been invested in the past decade in encouraging parents to commit to greater involvement in teens' driving habits (Williams et al, 2012). To further this effort, Taubman-Ben-Ari and Katz-Ben-Ami, (2012,2013) proposed the integrative concept of Family Climate for Road Safety (FCRS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parents’ perceptions of the family climate for road safety

Ben‐Ari

2015

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parents’ perceptions of the family climate for road safety

Ben‐Ari

2015

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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“…Fortunately, nearly all drivers eventually learn to drive in a reasonably safe and responsible manner. However, novices have extremely high crash rates relative to older, more experienced drivers and most countries worldwide and each U.S. state requires some form of training before issuing a legal license to drive [28,29], despite the lack of evidence that training is an effective crash prevention measure [27]. Typically, this required training, at least for young novices, takes the form of formal classroom and in-vehicle with a professional instructor or licensed adult.…”

Section: Learning To Drivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…GDL policies require progression through an extended learner license stage, typically requiring a specified number of adult-supervised practice driving hours, and transitions to independent driving with certain limits on the riskiest driving environments (e.g., late night driving, driving with teenage passengers). Where evaluated, the adoption of reasonably strict GDL policies has been shown to reduce crash rates [29].…”

Section: Learning To Drivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…While some unknown portion of novice teen crash risk may be due to deliberate risk taking or simply an absence of accurate risk perception, many crashes are due to mistakes resulting from nonvolitional errors of judgment [6,7]. Hence, there is great interest in determining the best practices for training novices to drive safely [27,29,33].…”

Section: Learning To Drivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clearly not all experience is equally risky. Hence, modern licensing policy in the form of GDL seeks to limit novice teen driving under the most dangerous driving conditions, for example, at night, with multiple passengers, and when impaired or distracted due to secondary task engagement [29,41]. Furthermore, parents are encouraged to limit teen driving further, including both high-risk conditions and the total amount of driving while the teenager gains experience under more routine driving conditions [42].…”

Section: Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Teen Driving Risk and Prevention: Naturalistic Driving Research Contributions and Challenges

Simons‐Morton

Ehsani

Gershon

et al. 2017

Safety

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Naturalistic driving (ND) methods may be particularly useful for research on young driver crash risk. Novices are not safe drivers initially, but tend to improve rapidly, although the pace of learning is highly variable. However, knowledge is lacking about how best to reduce the learning curve and the variability in the development of safe driving judgment. A great deal has been learned from recent naturalistic driving (ND) studies that have included young drivers, providing objective information on the nature of crash risk and the factors that contribute to safety critical events. This research indicates that most learners obtain at least the amount of practice driving recommended and develop important driving skills. Unfortunately, most learners are not exposed during training to more complex driving situations and the instruction provided by supervising parents is mostly reactive and may not fully prepare teens for independent driving. While supervised practice driving is quite safe, crash rates are high during the first six months or so of independent driving then decline rapidly, but remain high for years relative to experienced drivers. Contributing factors to crash risk include exposure, inexperience, elevated gravitational-force event rates, greater willingness to engage in secondary tasks while driving, and social influence from peer passengers. The findings indicate the need and possible objectives for improving practice driving instruction and developing innovative prevention approaches for the first year of independent driving.

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Motor Vehicle Crash Risk Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2017

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IMPORTANCE Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adolescence, when motor vehicle crash risk peaks. We know little about when adolescents with ADHD get licensed and, once they do, the extent to which they have increased crash risk compared with adolescents without ADHD.OBJECTIVES To examine the association between ADHD and both driver licensing and crash involvement and whether it varies by sex, licensing age, and/or being prescribed ADHD medication at licensure. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis retrospective cohort study was conducted at 6 primary care practices of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, a large pediatric health care network in southeastern Pennsylvania and southern New Jersey. Using electronic health records, we defined a cohort of 2479 adolescents and young adults with ADHD and 15 865 without ADHD who were (1) born from 1987 to 1997; (2) residents of New Jersey and patients at 1 of 6 New Jersey primary care practices at age 12 years or older; and (3) age-eligible to obtain a driver's license from 2004 through 2014. Electronic health records data were then linked with New Jersey's statewide driver licensing and crash databases for 2004 through 2014.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Acquisition of a driver's license and first involvement as a driver in a police-reported crash. Survival analysis was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios for licensing and crash outcomes through age 25 years. RESULTSThe median age of individuals at the end of the study was 22.2 years (interquartile range, 19.7-24.8). Compared with individuals without ADHD, the licensing probability of individuals with ADHD 6 months after eligibility was 35% lower (for males: adjusted hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.61-0.70; females: adjusted hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.58-0.70). Among individuals with a driver's license, 764 of 1785 with ADHD (42.8%) and 4715 of 13 221 without ADHD (35.7%) crashed during the study period. The adjusted risk for first crash among licensed drivers with ADHD was 1.36 times higher than for those without ADHD (95% CI, 1.25-1.48) and did not vary by sex, licensing age, or over time. Only 129 individuals with ADHD (12.1%) were prescribed medication in the 30 days before licensure.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Adolescents with ADHD get licensed less often and at an older age. Once licensed, this cohort has a greater risk of crashing. Additional research is needed to understand the specific mechanisms by which ADHD influences crash risk.

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Graduated Driver Licensing Research, 2010-Present

Cited by 109 publications

References 48 publications

Parents’ perceptions of the family climate for road safety

Parents’ perceptions of the family climate for road safety

Teen Driving Risk and Prevention: Naturalistic Driving Research Contributions and Challenges

Motor Vehicle Crash Risk Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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