Grain protein content variation and its association analysis in barley

Abstract

BackgroundGrain protein content (GPC) is an important quality determinant for barley used as malt, feed as well as food. It is controlled by a complex genetic system. GPC differs greatly among barley genotypes and is also variable across different environments. It is imperative to understand the genetic control of barley GPC and identify the genotypes with less variation under the different environments.ResultsIn this study, 59 cultivated and 99 Tibetan wild barley genotypes were used for a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and a multi-platform candidate gene-based association analysis, in order to identify the molecular markers associated with GPC. Tibetan wild barley had higher GPC than cultivated barley. The significant correlation between GPC and diastatic power (DP), and malt extract confirmed the importance of GPC in determining malt quality. Diversity arrays technology (DArT) markers associated with barley GPC were detected by GWAS. In addition, GWAS revealed two HvNAM genes as the candidate genes controlling GPC. No association was detected between HvNAM1 polymorphism and GPC, while a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (798, P < 0.01), located within the second intron of HvNAM2, was associated with GPC. There was a significant correlation between haplotypes of HvNAM1, HvNAM2 and GPC in barley.ConclusionsThe GWAS and candidate gene based-association study may be effectively used to determine the genetic variation of GPC in barley. The DArT markers and the polymorphism of HvNAM genes identified in this study are useful in developing high quality barley cultivars in the future. HvNAM genes could play a role in controlling barley GPC.

Genome-Wide Association Mapping for Kernel and Malting Quality Traits Using Historical European Barley Records

“…On chromosome 2H, we detected some markers that were associated with these two traits in genomic regions that were previously reported to have an impact on yield parameters [62], [66]–[68]. We also discovered two DArT markers, bPb-0994 and bPb-6822 (located on chromosome 2H at 113.2 and 114.4 cM, respectively) associated with grain protein content, which were also found in another study [69]. We also found that the marker bPb-0994, located on chromosome 2H, was highly significant for kernel raw protein content.…”

Genetic diversity, population structure and association analysis in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

“…Association mapping is widely being utilized for detecting marker-trait association based on the genetic resources routinely used for genetic improvement programs (Font I Forcada et al 2015;Cheng et al 2015;Yan et al 2009;Cai et al 2013). As compared to biparental QTL mapping, association mapping increases the range of natural variation that can be exploited in a single experiment and potential genomic regions could be identified (Jin et al 2010).…”

Shotgun proteomics of the barley seed proteome

“…Hence it is not surprising that barley has evolved as a model for seed germination research. The total protein content in barley seed varies between 8 and 15% [1]. The amount and composition of barley proteins influence the suitability and quality of grain for its end uses, with approximately a third of the proteins being present in the final beer [2].…”