Granulation as the method of rational fertilizer application

Izydorczyk, Grzegorz; Mikula, Katarzyna; Skrzypczak, Dawid; Witek‐Krowiak, Anna; Chojnacka, Katarzyna

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817036-6.00003-0

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The nutrients of N, P, and K were sufficient to increase the seedling height. According to [21], adequate N levels can accelerate the growth of stems and leaves, P supports cell growth, and K is needed for enzyme activation, which promotes photosynthesis from leaves to other plant organs.…”

Section: Photosynthetic Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of NPK Fertilizer and Coconut Husk Ash as Ameliorant on Growth and Photosynthetic Rate of Oil Palm Seedlings in Peat Media

Fathurrahman,

Fajar,

Doni

et al. 2024

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of NPK fertilizer and coconut husk ash as an ameliorant on growth and photosynthetic levels of oil palm seedlings in peat soil growth media. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with two factors, NPK 12:12:17:2+TE including control, 30 g, 60 g, and 90 g per plant. Coconut husk ash includes control, 40 g, 80 g, and 120 g per plant. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, and any observed significant difference led to Duncan's test at p<0.05. The combination of 90 g of fertilizer dose and 80 g of coconut husk ash produced the tallest plant height of 104.53 cm. The highest increase in stem girth was 6.01 cm. The photosynthetic rate was 39.11 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, and the highest stomatal conductance was 0.21 H2O m-2 s-1. The highest internal CO2 and Water Use Efficiency was 177 μmol CO2 mol-1 and 16.15, respectively, while the best transpiration rate was 2.94 mM H2O m-2s-1. Additionally, the photosynthetic rate positively correlated with seedling height and stem diameter, with a R2 0.25 and 0.44 coefficient, respectively. Stomatal conductance was positively correlated with stem diameter, namely R2 0.04. Meanwhile, transpiration rate was negatively correlated with seedling height (R2 17%) and seedling stem diameter (R2 6.9%). Intracellular CO2 was negatively correlated with plant height but positively correlated with stem diameter. The results of this study are expected to be used in increased growth and photosynthesis.

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Section: Photosynthetic Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of NPK Fertilizer and Coconut Husk Ash as Ameliorant on Growth and Photosynthetic Rate of Oil Palm Seedlings in Peat Media

Fathurrahman,

Fajar,

Doni

et al. 2024

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

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“…Using soil fertilizer is a costly input and less effective to plant benefit (Morari et al, 2011). Various attempts performed on crop plantations, especially maize crops using modern ways for improving crop production that required foliar fertilizers on the leaves to be combined with the application of soil fertilization depending on the crop characteristics (Shang et al, 2019;Grzebisz et al, 2022;Izydorczyk et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spraying Technology and Foliar Application Result in a Smooth Layer of the Spray: a Literature Review

Alheidary

2023

Basrah J. Agric. Sci.

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Using of foliar fertilizer application is an important issue in many crops plantation in different countries. Various studies have been conducted on this method, especially with fruits and horticulture. Few studies were performed on essential crops such as maize compared to the orchards. Concerning crops, most of these studies were performed using foliar spraying with phosphorus, and potassium, and a few attempts were carried out with foliar fertilizer during the season at different concentrations starting from the first stage of the plant. The foliar application may be sprayed with a suitable concentrate depending on the type of crop planted, growth stage, leaves age, and physicochemical properties of the sprayed liquid. As reported in the current literature, there are previous studies on this application with insufficient knowledge of mechanisms and factors governing the nutrient uptake by leaves that still need to be improved. The insufficient information about the effect of foliar fertilizer at different application rates is one of the reasons that the study focused on it, which was probably the leading cause of sometimes controversial effects with foliar fertilizers being reported. Most previous studies revealed that is necessary to apply foliar fertilizer on the plant leaves at a proper concentration and application rate compatible with the age of the crop applied. The results also indicated that a suitable concentration of foliar fertilizer no doubt leads to improved fertilizer effectiveness and can even increase plant growth activity, especially when spraying with modern technology. For an optimum both of the crop vegetative growth and yield response to foliar fertilization, it is possible to diagnose the optimum growth stage of the plant and leaf age for the starting of foliar fertilizer application related to metrological conditions such as the air temperature, and relative humidity at the time of spraying. It is necessary to recommend the crop growth stage before foliar application at a known application rate and concentration to a crop to achieve maximum efficiency at low cost as possible.

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“…. The granulation running process highly affects the quality of the NPK fertilizer produced (Carvalho & Finzer, 2019;Erro et al, 2016;Herce et al, 2017;Izydorczyk et al, 2021;Putrawan et al, 2020). Agglomeration occurs in granulation process, namely the formation of a granule core from raw materials that have been fed from the hopper (Loh et al, 2011;Maharjan & Jeong, 2020;Nakamura et al, 2022;Oberacker, 2013;Singh, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of Rotary Dryer and Granulator in NPK Steam Granulation Plant Production Department of IIB PT Petrokimia Gresik

Kusuma,

Sagala,

Kusworo

et al. 2024

Jurnal Global Ilmiah

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PT. Petrokimia Gresik, a subsidiary of Indonesian fertilizer company PT. Indonesian Fertilizer, has three main plants: Production I, II, and III. Production IIB consists of production units Phonska IV, NPK Granulation II, III, and IV and ZK. Granulated NPK II Fertilizer is a processing unit that meets quality standards. The process involves feeding raw materials, preparing slurries, granulating, drying, screening, cooling, and screening. Supporting materials include powder coating, oil coating, and pigment. The granulation stage is crucial, where raw materials are agglomerated. The NPK Granulation Department of IIB uses various equipment, including a rotary dryer with a thermal efficiency of 79.997%. The total mass balance for the granulator, dryer, cooler, screen, and coater in NPK Granulation II for 15-15-15 fertilizer formula is 1058,096 tons/day.

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Granulation as the method of rational fertilizer application

Cited by 4 publications

References 56 publications

The Effects of NPK Fertilizer and Coconut Husk Ash as Ameliorant on Growth and Photosynthetic Rate of Oil Palm Seedlings in Peat Media

The Effects of NPK Fertilizer and Coconut Husk Ash as Ameliorant on Growth and Photosynthetic Rate of Oil Palm Seedlings in Peat Media

Spraying Technology and Foliar Application Result in a Smooth Layer of the Spray: a Literature Review

Performance Evaluation of Rotary Dryer and Granulator in NPK Steam Granulation Plant Production Department of IIB PT Petrokimia Gresik

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