Granuloma Annulare

Keimig, E.

doi:10.1016/j.det.2015.03.001

Cited by 69 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…There are many clinical variants of the disease, including localized, generalized annular, disseminated papular, atypical generalized, subcutaneous and perforating. [29][30][31] Generalized variants of granuloma annulare, such as generalized annular, disseminated papular and atypical generalized granuloma annulare, have been reported to be associated with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, malignancy, thyroid disease, lipid abnormalities, rheumatoid arthritis and viral infections. [32][33][34][35][36][37] Granuloma annulare has also been reported to develop at sites of resolved herpes zoster.…”

Section: Granuloma Annularementioning

confidence: 99%

What is new in the histogenesis of granulomatous skin diseases?

Asai

2017

The Journal of Dermatology

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A granuloma is a form of inflammation, which predominantly consists of macrophages. It typically develops when the immune system attempts to enclose substances that are usually insoluble and cannot be eliminated to prevent the spread of these substances to the other body compartments. According to the source of the substances, granulomatous diseases can be divided into two groups: infectious and non-infectious. The mechanisms of infectious granuloma formation have been widely investigated because of its easy reproducibility in experimental models, both in vivo and in vitro. On the contrary, mechanisms of non-infectious granuloma formation have not been well investigated because of the difficulty to reproduce this formation in experimental models. In this article, we review our recent understanding of the histogenesis and pathogenesis of granuloma formation, confirmed from studies of infectious granulomas, and we present potential hypotheses of the histogenesis and pathogenesis of non-infectious granulomas based on clinical investigations.

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Section: Granuloma Annularementioning

confidence: 99%

What is new in the histogenesis of granulomatous skin diseases?

Asai

2017

The Journal of Dermatology

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“…ules which may be discrete or coalesce to form annular or roundish plaques [1] . Such lesions may display variable histological patterns, i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Even though the clinical diagnosis of classic GA is usually straightforward when it presents with ring-like lesions localized on acral sites, the recognition of generalized or non-annular forms or cases affecting atypical areas may pose some difficulties, thus demanding histological examination to reach a definitive diagnosis [1,2] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Dermoscopy of Granuloma Annulare: A Clinical and Histological Correlation Study

et al. 2017

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Background: Dermoscopy of granuloma annulare has been investigated by several studies, but none of them took into account the variability of dermoscopic findings according to clinical characteristics and/or histological subtype. Objective: To describe the dermoscopic features of classic granuloma annulare and seek possible dermoscopic clues related to specific clinical findings/histological subpatterns. Methods: A representative dermoscopic image of a target lesion (the most active lesion underwent histological examination) was retrospectively assessed for the presence of specific morphological findings, correlating them with clinical variables, i.e. disease duration and extension (localized or generalized) and clinical aspect (annular or non-annular) and localization (trunk or extremities) of the biopsied lesion, and with histological subtype. Results: A total of 25 lesions from 25 subjects were analysed; an “interstitial” histological variant was detected in 11 cases, while a “palisading granuloma” histological pattern was found in 14 instances. The most common dermoscopic findings included blurry vessels having variable appearance (dotted, linear-irregular, and branching) over a more or less evident pinkish-reddish background, followed by whitish and/or yellowish-orange areas. Additional findings were rosettes, crystalline structures, and whitish scaling. No difference (p > 0.05) in the frequency of dermoscopic features according to clinical findings was found, while we observed a strict association (p < 0.001) between the presence of yellowish-orange structureless areas on dermoscopy and “palisading granuloma” histology. Conclusion: The dermoscopic aspect of granuloma annulare is independent from clinical features but varies according to histological subtype, with the detection of yellowish-orange colour being indicative of the “palisading granuloma” variant.

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“…These findings taken together with the interstitial histiocytic infiltrate can be seen in the earliest stage of PNGD, which demonstrates LCV‐like vascular damage. The presence of a neutrophil‐rich infiltrate and the absence of dermal mucin made granuloma annulare unlikely . The distribution of the patient's papules and plaques made interstitial granulomatous drug reaction less likely as this condition typically leads to plaques on the inner upper arms, proximal inner thighs, and intertriginous skin .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%