Granulomagenic activity of serologically active glycolipids from Mycobacterium bovis BCG

Reggiardo, Zulema; Shamsuddin, Abul Kalam

doi:10.1128/iai.14.6.1369-1374.1976

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Thus, it appears that more studies are needed to clarify the relation between the structure of cord factor and its function, including granuloma formation. Recently, still another substance, serologically active glycolipid derived from tubercle bacilli, was reported to elicit a granulomatous response in guinea pigs (17). Their chemical structures are, however, not yet known.…”

Section: Infect Immunmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granuloma formation by synthetic bacterial cell wall fragment: muramyl dipeptide

Emori¹,

Tanaka²

1978

Infect Immun

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A synthetic muramyl dipeptide, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, which possesses the same structure as that of a part of the peptidoglycan monomer of wax D of tubercle bacilli or bacterial cell walls was found to induce, when injected in water-in-oil emulsion, massive granulomas often accompanying abscesses in the site of injection and draining lymph nodes of guinea pigs and rats. The granulomas were composed mainly of epithelioid cells 2 weeks after injection and were indistinguishable from those induced by tubercle bacilli. The granulomas induced in rats were less mature than those induced in guinea pigs. Allergic reaction appeared to play no important role in the development of the muramyl dipeptide-induced granuloma.

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Section: Infect Immunmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granuloma formation by synthetic bacterial cell wall fragment: muramyl dipeptide

Emori¹,

Tanaka²

1978

Infect Immun

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“…These lipids would be prone to release or shedding upon contact with the host cell or the appropriate environment within the macrophage. In support of this proposal, numerous fractions of the mycobacterial lipid profile have been identified with biological activity such as suppression of peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation (8), induction of cytokines (9,10), and exacerbation of the granulomatous response (11,12). A multitude of studies have characterized the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity of a major cell wall-associated glycolipid, lipoarabinomannan (LAM).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Trafficking and Release of Mycobacterial Lipids from Infected Macrophages

Beatty¹,

Rhoades²,

Ullrich³

et al. 2000

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322

303

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Analysis of infected macrophages revealed that lipidcontaining moieties of the mycobacterial cell wall are actively trafficked out of the mycobacterial vacuole. To facilitate the analysis of vesicular trafficking from mycobacteria-containing phagosomes, surface-exposed carbohydrates were labeled with hydrazide-tagged markers. The distribution of labeled carbohydrate/lipid moieties and subsequent interaction with cellular compartments were analyzed by immunoelectron microscopy and by fluorescence microscopy of live cells. The released mycobacterial constituents were associated with several intracellular organelles and were enriched strikingly in tubular endocytic compartments. Subcellular fractionation of infected macrophages by density gradient electrophoresis showed temporal movement of labeled bacterial constituents through early and late endosomes. Thin layer chromatography analysis of these subcellular fractions confirmed their lipid nature and revealed five dominant bacteria-derived species. These mycobacterial lipids were also found in extracellular vesicles isolated from the medium and could be observed in un-infected 'bystander' cells. Their transfer to bystander cells could expand the bacteria's sphere of influence beyond the immediate confines of the host cell.

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“…Granuloma formation is one of the most important pathological changes (2,20) in chronic infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and leprosy (2,16,20). Many studies on experimental granuloma formation have been done with intact tubercle bacilli (1, 15), killed bacilli, or their cellular components (14). The granulomagenic activity of these bacilli is considered to be related profoundly to the immunoadjuvant activity of their highly characteristic cell wall components.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Granuloma formation and hemopoiesis induced by C36-48-mycolic acid-containing glycolipids from Nocardia rubra

Kaneda¹,

Sumi²,

Kurano³

et al. 1986

Infect Immun

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As previously reported (I. Yano, I. Tomiyasu, S. Kitabatake, and K. Kaneda, Acta Leprologica 2:341-349, 1984), Nocardwa rubra, one of the nonpathogenic actinomycetes, possesses three classes of mycolic acidcontaining glycolipid, i.e., glucose mycolate, trehalose dimycolate, and trehalose monomycolate. The carbon chain length of their mycolic acids is shorter (C_3&,a) than that in mycobacteria (longer than C70), and the glycolipid consists of only a-mycolic acid. One intravenous administration of 500 ,Ig of each purified glycolipid to ICR mice in the form of water-in-oil-in-water emulsion without any protein antigens caused prominent granuloma formation in the lungs, spleen, and liver. The lung index in the treated mice was about 3.5 times larger than that in the control mice (given water-in-oil-in-water emulsion only) at 1 week after the injection and then rapidly declined, while spleen and liver indices peaked at 2 weeks after the injection and persisted longer. The granuloma consisted of macrophages, some of which phagocytized glycolipid micelles, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils. In addition, many small hemopoietic islands were observed in the liver sinusoids, where various immature blood cells were trapped by the prominent cytoplasmic projections of Kupffer cells. The granuloma formation and hemopoiesis observed here are considered to be the most characteristic morphological expression of macrophage activation in these organs. This is the first report to show that such histological changes can be induced by chemically defined and homogeneous mycolic acid-containing glycolipids other than those of mycobacteria.

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Granulomagenic activity of serologically active glycolipids from Mycobacterium bovis BCG

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Granuloma formation by synthetic bacterial cell wall fragment: muramyl dipeptide

Granuloma formation by synthetic bacterial cell wall fragment: muramyl dipeptide

Trafficking and Release of Mycobacterial Lipids from Infected Macrophages

Granuloma formation and hemopoiesis induced by C36-48-mycolic acid-containing glycolipids from Nocardia rubra

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