Grape Seed Extract Reduces the Degree of Atherosclerosis in Ligature-Induced Periodontitis in Rats – An Experimental Study

Abstract

The associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases have been intensely studied in recent years. Oxidative stress is involved in the initiation and both progression of periodontitis and atherosclerosis. Antioxidants can reduce the effects of oxidative stress on inflammatory diseases. Our aim was to measure the effects of a grape seed extract (GSE), rich in antioxidants, on atherosclerosis caused by ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of 10: control group, periodontitis group, and periodontitis group treated with GSE (GSE group). Periodontitis was induced by placing an orthodontic wire around the cervix of the first mandibular molar and keeping it in place for 4 weeks. On days 1, 7 and 28, blood samples were taken to assess oxidative stress and inflammation markers (malondialdehyde and glutathione - MDA, reduced glutathione - GSH, C reactive protein) and lipids. After 4 weeks, the animals were euthanized, and aortas were collected for histopathologic examination. MDA was significantly higher in Periodontitis group compared to the other groups only at day 7. GSH was significantly increased in the Control and GSE groups on days 1 and 7, compared to Periodontitis group and on day 28 higher in GSE vs. Periodontitis groups. C reactive protein was significantly increased in the Periodontitis group on days 1 and 7 compared to both groups. Cholesterol was significantly decreased in the aortas of GSE group at day 28 compared to the Periodontitis group. Oral administration of a grape seed extract reduces the oxidative stress, inflammation and atherosclerosis in a rat model of ligature-induced periodontitis.

Efficacy of Artemisia annua against Coccidiosis in Broiler Chickens: A Field Trial

“…Medicinal plants have been used since ancient times, gaining increasing popularity nowadays in particular due to the decrease in the effectiveness of synthetic substances and the public concern regarding adverse effects and drug interactions of synthetic molecules [10,25]. Natural herbal extracts have been intensively studied in recent years as new alternatives to traditional anticoccidials in the prophylaxis of chicken coccidiosis [26].…”

The Effect of Grape Seed Extract on the Alveolar, Jaw, and Skeletal Bone Remodeling: A Scoping Review

“…12 The GSE also has been promoted as periodontitis medication because it is able to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. 13 In clinical randomized clinical trials, the GSE significantly reduced the probing depth and increased the attachment level. 14 Recent research has shown GSE's influence in bone remodeling process in postorthodontic relapse prevention by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.…”

Study on the effect of periodontitis on renal tissue in atherosclerotic mice

“…Inflammation and dyslipidemia are the main risk factors for its progression and development 22,23 . It can be seen that AS and CKD have common risk factors, such as abnormal lipid metabolism, hypertension, diabetes and obesity 24,25 . The two diseases often occur at the same time and cause and effect each other.…”

“…22,23 It can be seen that AS and CKD have common risk factors, such as abnormal lipid metabolism, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. 24,25 The two diseases often occur at the same time and cause and effect each other. In a cohort study, Battaglia et al 26 found that aortic and/or peripheral atherosclerosis is closely related to atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis.…”