Grape seed proanthocyanidin improves intestinal inflammation in canine through regulating gut microbiota and bile acid compositions

Abstract

Although certain progress has been made in treating canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a large proportion of dogs have a poor prognosis and may develop resistance and side effects. Therefore, it is of great significance to prevent or alleviate canine IBD through nutritional intervention. Plant polyphenol can interact with intestinal bacteria and has important prospects in the intestinal health improvement. This study evaluated the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP), a plant‐derived natural polyphenol, on Labrador Retrievers with mild IBD. In Experiment 1 of this study, GSP alleviated persistent intestinal inflammation in canines by improving inflammatory indexes and reducing intestinal permeability. Moreover, GSP treatment increased the abundance of bacteria with potential anti‐inflammatory properties and engaging bile acid metabolism, including Ruminococcaceae, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus_torques_group, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. Notably, targeted metabolomic analysis identified elevated productions of fecal chenodeoxycholic acid and its microbial transformation product lithocholic acid, which might contribute to relieving canine intestinal inflammation. Further, in Experiment 2, fecal microbiota transplantation was used to determine whether gut microbiota is a potential mechanism for GSP efficacy. Dogs with mild IBD received the fecal microbiota from the group administered GSP and mirrored the improvement effects of GSP, which results verified that gut microbial alteration could be an underlying mechanism for GSP efficiency on canine IBD. Our findings highlight that the mechanism of the GSP function on canine IBD is mediated by altering gut microbial composition and improving bile acid metabolism. This study proposes a natural polyphenol‐based dietary strategy for improving canine intestinal health.

Dissecting the association between gut microbiota and hypertrophic scarring: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

“…Similarly, we observed that specific gut microbiota from phyla Firmicutes act as protective factors against hypertrophic scarring, including Intestinimonas , Ruminococcus2 , Dorea , and Ruminococcus torques . Regarding the modified species, Ruminococcus torques was reported to be associated with the alleviation of inflammation through regulating bile acid compositions ( Zhang M et al, 2023 ). At the genus level, both Intestinimonas and Ruminococcus2 are butyric acid-producing bacteria, deemed potential probiotics for alleviating and treating inflammatory diseases due to their capacity to regulate T regulatory cells and inhibit Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) ( Gao et al, 2023 ).…”

Gut Microbiota Modulators Based on Polyphenols Extracted from Winery By-Products and Their Applications in the Nutraceutical Industry

“…Remarkably, GS can partially restore dysbiosis produced by obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. Studies have shown a correlation between microbiota modulation and beneficial health effects [ 74 , 76 ]. Moreover, many studies of animal models have highlighted an increase in biodiversity indices after a GS-supplemented diet [ 15 , 65 , 68 , 72 ].…”

“…but did not improve GM diversity in fat-diet-fed rodents [ 74 ]. The work of Zheng et al, 2023, on the canine model suggested that the anti-inflammatory effect of proanthocyanidin-rich GS extract is related to GM modulation and microbiota-derived bile acids [ 76 ]. Fecal microbiota was transferred to dogs with mild inflammatory bowel disease to validate that GS extract has a beneficial ingredient with the potential to improve intestinal inflammation [ 76 ].…”

“…Increases Ruminococcaceae, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus torques group, and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group; Improves inflammatory index and reduces intestinal permeability; Extract's effect on canine inflammation is related to alteration of GM and microbiota-derived bile acids. [76] Animal in vitro studies Proanthocyanidin-GS extract (15-120 mg/g of substrate)…”

Probiotics and Cat Health: A Review of Progress and Prospects

“…However, antibiotic abuse is not uncommon, especially when seeking to treat bacterial infections [ 2 ]. Such abuse can trigger bacterial antibiotic resistance, and excessive dosages can disrupt the intestinal floral balance, rendering pets prone to constipation, diarrhea, and other gastrointestinal diseases that seriously endanger their health [ 3 ]. Therefore, when seeking to prevent and treat cat diseases, agents other than antibiotics are required.…”