Grape skin extract mitigates tissue degeneration, genotoxicity, and oxidative status in multiple organs of rats exposed to cadmium

Cadmium (Cd) is a significant ecotoxic heavy metal that adversely affects all biological processes of humans, animals and plants. Exposure to acute and chronic Cd damages many organs in humans and animals (e.g. lung, liver, brain, kidney, and testes). In humans, the Cd concentration at birth is zero, but because the biological half-life is long (about 30 years in humans), the concentration increases with age. The industrial developments of the last century have significantly increased the use of this metal. Especially in developing countries, this consumption is higher. Oxidative stress is the imbalance between antioxidants and oxidants. Cd increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and causes oxidative stress. Excess cellular levels of ROS cause damage to proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, membranes and organelles. This damage has been associated with various diseases. These include cancer, hypertension, ischemia/perfusion, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, insulin resistance, acute respiratory distress syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, skin diseases, chronic kidney disease, eye diseases, neurodegenerative diseases (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and Huntington disease). Natural antioxidants are popular drugs that are used by the majority of people and have few side effects. Natural antioxidants play an important role in reducing free radicals caused by Cd toxicity. Our goal in this review is to establish the relationship between Cd and oxidative stress and to discuss the role of natural antioxidants in reducing Cd toxicity.

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“…Tumor suppressor proteins such as E-cadherin and VE-cadherin impair cell-cell adhesion. [113][114][115]…”

Section: And Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Natural Antioxidants Against Reactive Oxygen Species Produced by Cadmium Toxicity: A Review

et al. 2020

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“…It is important to stress that cytochrome C is involved directly to apoptosis process since it able to trigger cellular death. Grape skin extract reduced the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels in liver cells when compared with cadmium exposed group [26]. This finding was noticed to grape juice concentrate as well [27].…”

Section: Livermentioning

confidence: 64%

“…In blood cells, grape skin extract showed protective properties against genotoxicity induced by cadmium in rats [26]. Grape diets increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities in rat red blood cells [28].…”

Section: Red Blood Cellsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Rats treated with grape skin extract improved tissue degeneration induced by cadmium. This was associated with reduced genetic damage and increasing levels of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase and cytochrome c gene expression [26][27][28]. It is important to stress that cytochrome C is involved directly to apoptosis process since it able to trigger cellular death.…”

Section: Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liver also appears to benefit from the protective effects induced by grape and its derivatives with respect to cadmium intoxication. Recently, Gollucke et al [26] investigated whether grape skin extract can mitigate the noxious activities induced by cadmium exposure in rat liver. Rats treated with grape skin extract improved tissue degeneration induced by cadmium.…”

Section: Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are Grapes Able to Mitigate the Noxious Effects Induced by Cadmium Exposure in Different Tissues and/or Organs? A Mini Review

et al. 2018

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Grapes are fruits that grow in clusters and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. Cadmium is a non-essential metal toxic to living organisms and the environment. Recently, health professionals, food scientists, and consumers have paid much attention to grapes for their health-promoting effects. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reviews describing the ability of grapes to mitigate the toxic effects induced by cadmium exposure in different tissues and/or organs. Herein, the aim of this review is to present the effects of grapes following cadmium exposure on the number of papers published in the scientific literature. The results showed that grapes are able to mitigate the harmful activities induced by exposure to cadmium in several tissues and organs. The main actions are closely related to tissue regeneration as a result of the reestablishment of morphology and antioxidant activity. However, further studies are welcomed in order to elucidate new biological pathways regarding the outcomes promoted by grapes in this context, specially related to inflammation, tissue regeneration and cellular death.

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Therapeutical properties of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia in rat liver intoxicated with cadmium

Lima

Moura

Silva

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Grape skin extract mitigates tissue degeneration, genotoxicity, and oxidative status in multiple organs of rats exposed to cadmium

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

The Role of Natural Antioxidants Against Reactive Oxygen Species Produced by Cadmium Toxicity: A Review

The Role of Natural Antioxidants Against Reactive Oxygen Species Produced by Cadmium Toxicity: A Review

Are Grapes Able to Mitigate the Noxious Effects Induced by Cadmium Exposure in Different Tissues and/or Organs? A Mini Review

Therapeutical properties of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia in rat liver intoxicated with cadmium

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