Grape skin extract modulates neuronal stem cell proliferation and improves spatial learning in senescence-accelerated prone 8 mice

Abstract

In recent years, the number of patients with neurodegenerative illness such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has increased with the aging of the population. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Grape skin extract (GSE) on neurotypic SH-SY5Y cells as an in vitro AD model, murine neurospheres as an ex vivo neurogenesis model and SAMP8 mice as an in vivo AD model. Our in vitro result showed that pre-treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with GSE ameliorated Aβ-induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, GSE treatment significantly decreased the number of neurospheres, but increased their size suggesting reduced stem cell self-renewal but increased proliferation. Our in vivo Morris water maze test indicated that GSE improves learning and memory in SAMP8 mice. To detect proliferation and newborn neurons, we measured BrdU+ cells in the dentate gyrus (DG). GSE treatment increased the number of BrdU+ cells in the DG of SAMP8 mice. Finally, we showed that GSE induced a decrease in inflammatory cytokines and an increase in neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex of SAMP8 mice. These results suggested that GSE increased neurogenic zone proliferation and memory but decreased oxidative stress associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines in aging, thus protecting neurons.

The role of DNA damage in neural stem cells ageing

“…Several studies have used the Morris Water Maze (MWM) to evaluate memory performance in mice, reflecting the condition of NSCs or neurons (Gong et al, 2011;Sasaki et al, 2021a;2021b).…”

“…A series of physiological changes caused by the ageing of NSCs can seriously affect brain function, leading to a series of problems such as memory decline and cognitive impairment (Iram et al, 2022). Several studies have used the Morris Water Maze (MWM) to evaluate memory performance in mice, reflecting the condition of NSCs or neurons (Gong et al, 2011; Sasaki et al, 2021a; 2021b). Therefore, NSCs are closely related to human learning, memory, and brain ageing.…”

MiR‐181a‐5p promotes neural stem cell proliferation and enhances the learning and memory of aged mice

“…Neurogenesis in the hippocampus persists throughout life but undergoes an age-related decline (Kuhn et al, 1996). Neurogenesis is one of the major factors affecting aging-related cognitive abilities, and promoting NSC neurogenesis has been considered as a potential strategy for the treatment of age-related cognitive decline (Berdugo-Vega et al, 2020;Drapeau & Abrous, 2008;Sasaki et al, 2021).…”

“…Neurogenesis in the hippocampus persists throughout life but undergoes an age‐related decline (Kuhn et al, 1996 ). Neurogenesis is one of the major factors affecting aging‐related cognitive abilities, and promoting NSC neurogenesis has been considered as a potential strategy for the treatment of age‐related cognitive decline (Berdugo‐Vega et al, 2020 ; Drapeau & Abrous, 2008 ; Sasaki et al, 2021 ). However, prematurely promoting neurogenesis may cause NSCs to precociously differentiate into neurons and become depleted, which may diminish neurogenesis over time (Zhang et al, 2019 ; Zhou et al, 2018 ).…”

Natural Bioactive Compounds Targeting NADPH Oxidase Pathway in Cardiovascular Diseases

“…Delphinidin is a potent radical scavenger capacity for superoxide [ 173 ]. Delphinidin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory [ 174 ], antioxidant [ 175 ], anticancer [ 176 ], cardiovascular protection [ 177 ], and neuroprotection [ 178 ] properties.…”