Graphene-based materials and their composites: A review on production, applications and product limitations

Mohan, Velram Balaji; Lau, Kin-tak; Hui, David; Bhattacharyya, Debes

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.01.013

Cited by 868 publications

(485 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…The carbon molecules present are sp 2 hybridized . Graphene is the most slender (thin) and the active molecule, the charge bearers available on graphene are massless; it is incredibly conductive both electrically and thermally, has wonderful adaptable nature, with high surface territory and is moreover transparent and furthermore goes about as a layer which is impermeable to any molecules, this inherent nature has built up another chapter of innovative research because of its above said one of a kind properties. Consequently, more endeavours have been placed in logical analysis, especially in various fields and for other graphene‐based materials for commercial and scientific applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The carbon molecules present are sp 2 hybridized. [1] Graphene is the most slender (thin) and the active molecule, [2] the charge bearers available on graphene are massless; it is incredibly conductive both electrically and thermally, has wonderful adaptable nature, with high surface territory and is moreover transparent [3] and www.advancedsciencenews.com www.particle-journal.com have been broadly used by the experts for guiding various surveys as for their biomedical applications. The fundamental biomedical applications of graphene and its auxiliaries incorporate biosensing, bioimaging, drug and gene delivery, cell separation, and graphene-based mass spectroscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene and Graphene‐Based Materials in Biomedical Science

Swetha

Manisha

Prasad

2018

Part & Part Syst Charact

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Graphene and its composite materials are very important in many disciplines of science and have been used enormously by researchers since their discovery in 2004. These are a new group of compounds, and are also wonderful model systems for quantum behavior studies. Their properties like exceptional conductivity, biocompatibility, surface area, mechanical strength, and thermal properties make them rising stars in the scientific community. Graphene and its composite compounds are utilized widely in different medical applications, for example, biosensing of biological compounds responsible for disease development, bioimaging of various cells, tissues, microorganisms, animal models, etc. In addition, they are used for enhancing and supporting the stem cell differentiation, i.e., regenerative medicine for regeneration studies of various human organs, tissue engineering in biology for the development of carrier materials, as well as in bone reformation. This review focuses on the modification procedure involved in the fabrication of graphene‐based biomaterials for various applications and recent developments in research related to graphene and graphene‐based materials in biosensing, optical sensing, gas sensing, drug, gene, protein delivery, tissue engineering, and bioimaging. In addition, the potential toxicological effects of graphene‐based biomaterials are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene and Graphene‐Based Materials in Biomedical Science

Swetha

Manisha

Prasad

2018

Part & Part Syst Charact

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“…For comparison, consider the two-dimensional massless Dirac equation, which often describes the quasiparticle dynamics of graphene [69][70][71]. This is also known as the Weyl equation,…”

Section: B Dirac Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unidirectional Maxwellian spin waves

Mechelen

Jacob

2019

Nanophotonics

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We develop a unified perspective of unidirectional topological edge waves in non-reciprocal media. We focus on the inherent role of photonic spin in non-reciprocal gyroelectric media, ie. magnetized metals or magnetized insulators. Due to the large body of contradicting literature, we point out at the outset that these Maxwellian spin waves are fundamentally different from well-known topologically trivial surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). We first review the concept of a Maxwell Hamiltonian in non-reciprocal media, which immediately reveals that the gyrotropic coefficient behaves as a photon mass in two dimensions. Similar to the Dirac mass, this photonic mass opens bandgaps in the energy dispersion of bulk propagating waves. Within these bulk photonic bandgaps, three distinct classes of Maxwellian edge waves exist -each arising from subtle differences in boundary conditions. On one hand, the edge wave solutions are rigorous photonic analogs of Jackiw-Rebbi electronic edge states. On the other hand, for the exact same system, they can be high frequency photonic counterparts of the integer quantum Hall effect, familiar at zero frequency. Our Hamiltonian approach also predicts the existence of a third distinct class of Maxwellian edge wave exhibiting topological protection. This occurs in an intriguing topological bosonic phase of matter, fundamentally different from any known electronic or photonic medium. The Maxwellian edge state in this unique quantum gyroelectric phase of matter necessarily requires a sign change in gyrotropy arising from non-locality (spatial dispersion). In a Drude system, this behavior emerges from a spatially dispersive cyclotron frequency that switches sign with momentum. A signature property of these topological electromagnetic edge states is that they are oblivious to the contacting medium, ie. they occur at the interface of the quantum gyroelectric phase and any medium (even vacuum). This is because the edge state satisfies open boundary conditions -all components of the electromagnetic field vanish at the interface. Furthermore, the Maxwellian spin waves exhibit photonic spin-1 quantization in exact analogy with their supersymmetric spin-1 ⁄2 counterparts. The goal of this paper is to discuss these three foundational classes of edge waves in a unified perspective while providing in-depth derivations, taking into account non-locality and various boundary conditions. Our work sheds light on the important role of photonic spin in condensed matter systems, where this definition of spin is also translatable to topological photonic crystals and metamaterials. arXiv:1903.09278v1 [physics.optics]

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“…The obtaining of the monolayer graphene membrane with the unique physical properties [1] caused the unprecedented rise in research of single and multilayer graphene sheets, graphene nanoribbons and nanoscrolls, other graphene-based and functional graphene nanostructures [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The possibility of using such structures in electronics [9,10], optics [11], and in many other industries has been much discussed recently [5,7,[12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The COMPASS force field: Validation for carbon nanoribbons

Savin

Мазо

2020

Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures

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The COMPASS force field has been successfully applied in a large number of materials simulations, including the analysis of structural, electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of carbon nanoparticles. This force field has been parameterized using quantum mechanical data and is based on hundreds of molecules as a training set, but such analysis for graphene sheets was not carried out. The objective of the present study is the verification of how good the COMPASS force field parameters can accurately describe the frequency spectrum of atomic vibrations of graphene, graphane and fluorographene sheets. We showed that the COMPASS force field allows to describe with good accuracy the frequency spectrum of atomic vibrations of graphane and fluorographene sheets, whose honeycomb hexagonal lattice is formed by sp 3 hybridization. On the other hand, the force field doesn't describe very well the frequency spectrum of graphene sheet, whose planar hexagonal lattice is formed by sp 2 banding. In that case the frequency spectrum of out-of-plane vibrations differs greatly from the experimental data -bending stiffness of a graphene sheet is strongly over estimated. We present the correction of parameters of out-of-plane and torsional potentials of the force field, that allows to achieve the coincidence of vibration frequency with experimental data. After such corrections the COMPASS force field can be used to describe the dynamics of flat graphene sheets and carbon nanotubes.

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Graphene-based materials and their composites: A review on production, applications and product limitations

Cited by 868 publications

References 180 publications

Graphene and Graphene‐Based Materials in Biomedical Science

Graphene and Graphene‐Based Materials in Biomedical Science

Unidirectional Maxwellian spin waves

The COMPASS force field: Validation for carbon nanoribbons

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