Graphene formation at 150 °C using indium as catalyst

Abstract

Graphene was synthesized at 150 °C. Carbon foils were irradiated with Ar+ions with a simultaneous supply of indium to synthesize conical structures with nanofibers giving new insight into the catalytic activity of indium in graphene synthesis.

Controlled Growth of Single‐Crystal Graphene Films

“…S. N. Smirnov lattice matching degree between graphene and underlying substrates. [94] To date, epitaxial growth of graphene has been reported on the surfaces of Cu( 111), [95] Au(111), [96] Pt(111), [97] Ni( 111), [98] Ge(110), [29] Ru(0001), [99] Ir(111), [100] Mo(110), [101] Rh( 111), [102] In, [103] Sn, [104] and CuNi alloy. [11] Among these, Cu(111) plane is highly advantageous for aligned nucleation and growth of graphene domains as its hexagonal lattice symmetry matches the honeycomb lattice of graphene well (lattice mismatch ≈4%), thereby enabling epitaxial growth of graphene.…”

“…The orientation dependence of graphene on the substrate surfaces, which is vital to the aligned nucleation of graphene islands, is mainly determined by the interaction and the lattice matching degree between graphene and underlying substrates . To date, epitaxial growth of graphene has been reported on the surfaces of Cu(111), Au(111), Pt(111), Ni(111), Ge(110), Ru(0001), Ir(111), Mo(110), Rh(111), In, Sn, and CuNi alloy . Among these, Cu(111) plane is highly advantageous for aligned nucleation and growth of graphene domains as its hexagonal lattice symmetry matches the honeycomb lattice of graphene well (lattice mismatch ≈4%), thereby enabling epitaxial growth of graphene.…”

Design of zinc oxide-based surface acoustic wave sensors using a graphene electrode

“…Recently, graphene has been synthesized at temperatures lower than 250 °C, and will be synthesized directly onto non-heat tolerant substrates in the near future. 29,30) So, ZnO-based SAW sensor with a graphene electrode will be quite suitable for wearable moisture sensors.…”

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscope: Joule Heating Effect on Graphitization of Copper Incorporated Carbon Nanofiber

“…For the Cu incorporated carbon nanofibers growth, an additional graphite plate, having a size of 15 mm × 10 mm × 1 mm, as a C supply was placed horizontally adjacent to the Cu foil and they were co-irradiated with Ar + at 45° from the normal to the surface for 45 minutes at room temperature ( Figure 1). The oblique Ar + bombardment is known to be more suitable for the growth of ion-induced carbon nanofibers than normal incidence [30][31][32]. The diameter and ion beam energy employed for this experiment were 6 cm and 1 keV, respectively.…”