Graphene impregnated electrospun nanofiber sensing materials: a comprehensive overview on bridging laboratory set-up to industry

Abstract

Owing to the unique structural characteristics as well as outstanding physio-chemical and electrical properties, graphene enables significant enhancement with the performance of electrospun nanofibers, leading to the generation of promising applications in electrospun-mediated sensor technologies. Electrospinning is a simple, cost-effective, and versatile technique relying on electrostatic repulsion between the surface charges to continuously synthesize various scalable assemblies from a wide array of raw materials with diameters down to few nanometers. Recently, electrospun nanocomposites have emerged as promising substrates with a great potential for constructing nanoscale biosensors due to their exceptional functional characteristics such as complex pore structures, high surface area, high catalytic and electron transfer, controllable surface conformation and modification, superior electric conductivity and unique mat structure. This review comprehends graphene-based nanomaterials (GNMs) (graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO and graphene quantum dots) impregnated electrospun polymer composites for the electro-device developments, which bridges the laboratory setup to the industry. Different techniques in the base polymers (preprocessing methods) and surface modification methods (post-processing methods) to impregnate GNMs within electrospun polymer nanofibers are critically discussed. The performance and the usage as the electrochemical biosensors for the detection of wide range analytes are further elaborated. This overview catches a great interest and inspires various new opportunities across a wide range of disciplines and designs of miniaturized point-of-care devices.

Preparation and Performance of PAN–PAC Nanofibers by Electrospinning Process to Remove NOM from Water

“…Moreover, Tajer et al (2020) discovered that loading a high amount of activated carbon yields more available adsorption binding sites in the membranes [ 24 ]. Other tests affirmed dye adsorption improvement by incorporating nanofibers in the membrane mat [ 17 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Tailoring the Surface Properties of Micro/Nanofibers Using 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D Nanostructures: A Review on Post‐Modification Methods

“…Some recent reviews can be found in the literature presenting a collection of works on nanofibers‐based sensors and biosensors and the relevance of this field for environmental care, smart tools, and internet of things. [ 5,10,309–316 ] More recently, an increasing demand for stretchable and wearable e‐textiles has raised the attention for spun nanofiber mats and yarns surface‐modified by different methods. [ 53,317,318 ] The interest in spun nanofiber mats and yarns for wearable devices is due to their 3D nanofibrous configuration, the ability of self‐standing and mechanical resistance to bending and stretching circles.…”

Graphene/MoS2 Nanohybrid for Biosensors

“…Carbon nanomaterials are recognized as one of the most suitable candidates for diverse biological applications. Numerous studies have been conducted on stem cell therapy, differentiation, and drug delivery by utilizing the properties of carbon nanomaterials, including their outstanding mechanical, electrical, and optical properties [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. In biosensor applications, CNTs, graphene, and other carbon nanomaterials have been employed to develop biosensors because of their advantages, such as excellent conductivity and easy surface modification [ 36 ].…”